scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1142963
The author deals with the existence of an explicit solution of linear first-order Cauchy problems \[ P^V_a\equiv X'= UX+ V,\quad X(t_0)= a, \] where \(U= \gamma+ T\in C^\infty\oplus{\mathcal D}^{\prime p}_m\), \(D^{\prime p}={\mathcal D}^{\prime p}\cap {\mathcal D}_m'\), \(V\in{\mathcal D}'\), \(a\in\mathbb{C}\), \(t_0\in\mathbb{R}\), \({\mathcal D}_m'\) is the space of distributions with nowhere dense support, \({\mathcal D}^{\prime p}\) is the space of distributions of order \(\leq p\) in the Schwartz setting. We associate to the problem \(P^V_a\) the problem \(Q^V_a\) defined by \[ Q^V_a\equiv X'= X_\gamma+ T_\alpha\cdot X+V,\quad X(t_0)= a, \] where the \((G,\alpha)\)-product of a distribution \(T\in{\mathcal D}^{\prime p}\) is defined by a distribution \(X= \beta+ f\in C^p\oplus{\mathcal D}_m'\) by the formula \[ T_\alpha X= T_\beta+ (T*\check\alpha)X. \] Now, \(X\in C^p\oplus{\mathcal D}_m'\) is called a \(w_\alpha\)-solution of \(P^V_a\), with respect to the ruling group \(G\), when there exists an open set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}\), with \(t_0\in\Omega\), such that the restriction \(X_\Omega\) of \(X\) to \(\Omega\) is a \(C^p\)-function and \(X\) satisfies \(Q^V_a\). The main result states that if \(p\geq 1\), \(V= \eta+ R\in C^{p-1}\oplus {\mathcal D}_m'\), \(t_0\not\in\text{supp } T\), \(t_0\not\in \text{supp }R\) and there exist \(S, Q\in{\mathcal D}_m'\) such that \(S'= T\) and \(Q'= R\) then, given \(\alpha\in{\mathcal D}\), \(G\)-invariant, with \(f_{\mathbb{R}}\alpha= 1\), \(P^V_a\) has a \(w_\alpha\)-solution \(X\) in \(C^p\oplus{\mathcal D}_m'\) with respect to \(G\), if and only if there exists a \(B\in{\mathcal D}_m'\) such that \[ B'= e^{-(\check\alpha* S)}[T_\alpha\cdot S(C+ a)+ e^{-A}(T_\alpha\cdot Q+\gamma Q- \eta S)], \] where \(A\) and \(C\) are, respectively, usual solutions of the Cauchy problems \[ A'= \gamma,\;A(t_0)= 0,\quad C'= e^{- A}\eta,\;C(t_0)= 0. \] In this case, \[ X= e^A(C+ a)(1+ S)+ Q+ e^{A+(S*\check\alpha)}B. \] The article is closed with the \(P^1_1\) problem \[ P^1_1\equiv X'- \delta'X= 1,\quad X(-1)= 1, \] having the unique solution \(X(t)= (t+ 2)(1+\delta)\) with respect to the ruling group \(G= \{I\}\).
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