scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1149490
The Ankeny-Artin-Chowla conjecture states that if \(p\equiv 1\pmod 4\) is a prime and \(\epsilon=\frac 12 (T+U\sqrt p)>1\) is the fundamental unit of \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt p)\), then \(p\nmid U\). The author proves the following two new criteria: I. Let \(p\equiv 1\pmod 4\) be a prime and \(p=b^2+c^2\). Moreover, let \(\sqrt p=[q_0,\overline{q_1,q_2,\dots,q_s}]\) be the representation of \(\sqrt p\) as a simple continued fraction, and let \((x_0,y_0)\) be the fundamental solution of \(x^2-py^2=-1\). Then \(p\mid y_0\) if and only if \(p\mid cQ_r+bQ_{r-1}\) and \(p\mid bQ_r+cQ_{r-1}\), where \(r=\frac {s-1}{2}\) and \(P_n/Q_n\) is \(n\)-th convergent of \(\sqrt p\). II. Assume that the assumptions of the previous theorem are satisfied. Then \(p\mid y_0\) if and only if \(p\mid 4bQ_r Q_{r-1}-(-1)^{r+1}\). \textit{T. Agoh} [Acta Math. Sin., New Ser. 5, No. 3, 281-288 (1989; Zbl 0701.11045)] gave another criterion.
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