scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1164959
The present work is the author's habilitation, concerned with various aspects of the structure of zero-dimensional schemes \({\mathbf X}\) in the projective space \({\mathbb{P}}^d_K\) and the homogeneous coordinate rings of them, \(R = K[X_0, \ldots, X_d]/I_{\mathbf X}\). It is a summary of the author's research over the last eight years published in several mathematical journals, respectively available as preprints. The main technical tools of his investigations are Castelnuovo theory, Hilbert functions, the canonical module of the coordinate ring of \({\mathbf X}\), the Kähler module of differentials, and the canonical ideal. In the second part the author discusses several conditions for uniformity, among them generic position, uniform position, cohomological uniformity, Cayley-Bacharach schemes and their hierarchy. The knowledge of the Hilbert function of \({\mathbf X}\), its growth behaviour, the relation to the Hilbert function of the canonical module provides important results of \({\mathbf X}\), in particular with respect to the above mentioned uniformity. The author's intention is an interplay between geometrical properties of \({\mathbf X}\) and the algebraic behaviour of \(R\). In particular there is an explicit description of the canonical ideal of \(R\). Furthermore there is also an description of the Kähler module of differentials in the case of a non-reduced \({\mathbf X}\). Besides of these results the author's applications to several branches of mathematics described in the third part of this habilitation are interesting and original. The subjects he is interested in are the following: level schemes, hyperplane sections of curves, free resolutions, syzygy module of the canonical module, maximal Cayley Bacharach schemes, liaison, zero-dimensional subschemes of the projective plane, determinantal zero-dimensional schemes, coding theory, computer algebra. One of the main themes is an algebraic characterization of the Cayley-Bacharach property [see e.g. \textit{D. Eisenbud, M. Green} and \textit{J. Harris}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 33, No. 3, 295-324 (1996; Zbl 0871.14024) for a survey]. The author characterizes Gorenstein schemes by the symmetry of the Hilbert function and the Cayley-Bacharach property. Moreover he discusses the question when a subscheme of a Caley-Bacharach scheme is again a Caley-Bacherach scheme. There is a connection of the Cayley-Bacharach property to the property of \(i\)-uniform position. This again is closely related to the Castelnuovo function introduced as the difference function of the Hilbert function of \({\mathbf X}\). One of the main results is a certain estimate shown for the case of the author's cohomological uniformity. A large part of the third section is devoted to the Castelnuovo theory, in particular its behaviour in prime characteristic and the relation to the Cayley-Bacherach property. As applications the author is interested in the construction of \({\mathbf X}\) with given properties. He describes several methods based on liaison, determinantal schemes, etc. -- Another highlight is the author's study of reduced schemes \({\mathbf X}\) over a field of \(q = p^e\), \(p= \text{prime}\) characteristic of \(K,\) consisting only of \({\mathbb{F}}_q\)-rational points. In this situation there are strong restrictions on the Hilbert function. Some of these \({\mathbf X}\) define linear codes. It is shown that the invariants and geometric properties of \({\mathbf X}\) are closely related to length, dimension and minimal distance of the corresponding codes. In a final section the author summarizes the computer algebra methods for the construction of explicit samples of zero-dimensional schemes.
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