scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1164966
The paper is an updated English translation of a handwritten draft (in Portuguese), in a limited circulation since 1978. Most of the material has appeared in the author's Ph.D. Thesis `Imersão de Matrizes e Entrelaçamento de Factores Invariantes', Universidade de Coimbra (1979) and in his paper [Linear algebra Appl. 24, 33-50 (1979; Zbl 0395.15009), Czech. Math. J. 30(105), 207-212 (1980; Zbl 0475.15006)] as well as in the paper of \textit{R. C. Thompson} [Linear Algebra Appl. 24, 1-31 (1979; Zbl 0395.15003)]. Key results (reproduced in the paper without proofs) establish connections between the invariant factors of a matrix with entries in a principal ideal domain and the invariant factors of its submatrices, in terms of interlacing divisibility relations. A seemingly unrelated problem of describing the connections between the singular values of a complex matrix and the singular values of its submatrix admits a solution in terms of interlacing inequality relations [see \textit{R. C. Thompson}, Linear Algebra Appl. 5, 1-12 (1972; Zbl 0252.15009)]. The problem is posed of unifying the results on invariant factors and on singular values in one theory. Previously unpublished results of the paper concern invariant factors of several submatrices, taken simultaneously, of a matrix over a principal ideal domain \({\mathcal R}\), and divisibility relations between products of invariant factors of \(AB\) on one hand, and products of invariant factors of \(A\) multiplied by products of invariant factors of \(B\) on the other hand; here \(A\) and \(B\) are \(n\times n\) matrices over \({\mathcal R}\). It is proved, for example, that if \({\mathcal R}\) is not a field, then all possible divisibility relations of the kind described above may be obtained by considering non-singular \(A\) and \(B\) only. The paper contains also comments on later developments in this area of research, an updated bibliography, and several open problems, in particular on applications in linear control systems.
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