scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1182532
This article reviews some recent developments in the theory of quantum homogeneous spaces from the Poisson geometry point of view. Since the work of Podlès on quantum spheres [\textit{P. Podlès}, Lett. Math. Phys. 14, 193-202 (1987; Zbl 0634.46054)] it has become apparent that to a given quantum group one can associate families of quantum homogeneous spaces; members of each family reduce to the same classical homogeneous space in the classical limit. For example, there is a one-parameter family of quantum 2-spheres associated to the quantum group \(\text{SU}_q(2)\). According to the author the abundance of quantum homogeneous spaces is best understood from the Poisson geometry point of view. Every quantum homogeneous space should be treated as a quantisation of a Poisson structure on the classical homogeneous space. Thus, for example, although there is only one classical 2-sphere, there is a one-parameter family of Poisson brackets on it. Quantising all these different Poisson structures one arrives at the said one-parameter family of quantum 2-spheres. Another interesting feature of quantum homogeneous spaces is that not all of them can be obtained as a quantum quotient of a quantum group by its quantum subgroup. In most cases one needs to consider a more general quotient procedure (quantum quotients by a coalgebra). For example, only one quantum 2-sphere is a quantum quotient of \(\text{SU}_q(2)\) by its quantum subgroup \(U(1)\). This phenomenon is again best explained in terms of Poisson geometry. Classical homogeneous spaces with non-standard Poisson structures can be viewed as quotient spaces of a group by its coisotropic subgroup rather than a Poisson-Lie subgroup. After quantisation, Poisson-Lie subgroups give rise to quantum subgroups, while coisotropic ones induce certain coalgebras which coact on the quantum group. All these results are surveyed in the paper under review, which includes basic definitions from Hopf algebra and Poisson geometry, studies the relationship between Poisson-Lie groups and Poisson homogeneous spaces, reviews Drinfeld's classification of Poisson homogeneous spaces, and then proceeds to quantise such spaces. The general results are illustrated by the examples of Poisson and quantum spheres and hyperboloids. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0890.00038].
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