Elementary trigonometric sums related to quadratic residues

DOI10.4171/EM/194zbMATH Open1252.11058arXiv1001.2638MaRDI QIDQ442464FDOQ442464

Authors: Abdallah Laradji, Maurice Mignotte, Nikos Tzanakis 

Publication date: 11 August 2012

Published in: Elemente der Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let p be a prime = 3 (mod 4). A number of elegant number-theoretical properties of the sums T(p) = sqrt{p}sum_{n=1}^{(p-1)/2} tan(n^2pi/p) and C(p) = sqrt{p}sum_{n=1}^{(p-1)/2} cot(n^2pi/p) are proved. For example, T(p) equals p times the excess of the odd quadratic residues over the even ones in the set {1,2,...,p-1}; this number is positive if p = 3 (mod 8) and negative if p = 7 (mod 8). In this revised version the connection of these sums with the class-number h(-p) is also discussed. For example, a very simple formula expressing h(-p) by means of the aforementioned excess is proved. The bibliography has been considerably enriched. This article is of an expository nature.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.2638

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zbMATH Keywords

class numberquadratic residuestrigonometric sumsquadratic Gauss sumscomplex quadratic number fieldDirichlet's class number formula

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trigonometric and exponential sums (general theory) (11L03) Power residues, reciprocity (11A15) Quadratic extensions (11R11) Class numbers, class groups, discriminants (11R29)

Cites Work

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• An exponential polynomial formed with the Legendre symbol
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• Classical theorems on quadratic residues
• Finite trigonometric sums and class numbers
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• Note on a theorem on quadratic residues
• Theorems on Quadratic Residues
• A Theorem on Quadratic Residues

Cited In (4)

• The tangent function and power residues modulo primes
• Trigonometric identities and quadratic residues
• Sums involving quadratic residues modulo a prime of the form \(p=4n+1\)
• Distribution of residues modulo \(p\) using the Dirichlet's class number formula

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