Monotone Method for Second Order Periodic Boundary Value Problems and Periodic Solutions of Delay Difference Equations

DOI10.1080/0003681031000063757MaRDI QIDQ4435622zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Daqing Jiang, Lili Zhang, Lili Zhang

Publication date 17 November 2003

Published in Applicable Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1080/0003681031000063757

extremal solutions maximum principles monotone iterative technique periodic boundary value problem periodic solution second-order delay difference equation upper and lower solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Oscillation theory of functional-differential equations (34K11) Additive difference equations (39A10)

Review text

The authors study the second-order delay difference equation \[ -\Delta^2y(k-1)=f(k,y(k),y(k-\tau)), \;k\in\{1,2,\dots,T\},\;y(0)=y(T), \;y(1)=y(T+1), \] where \(\Delta y(k)=y(k+1)-y(k), \tau\in \{0,1, \ldots \}, T\in \{1, 2, \ldots \}\) and \(f\in C(I\times \mathbb{R}^2, \mathbb{R})\). They prove that such problem has extremal solutions lying between a lower solution \(\alpha\) and an upper solution \(\beta\) such that \(\alpha \leq \beta\). Both solutions are given as the limit of two sequences of solutions of suitable problems. Such sequences start at \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\). To this end, some maximum principles related with the operator \( -\Delta^2y(k-1) + M y(k) + N y(k-\tau)\) are proved. The monotone method is also developed, using analogous arguments, to obtain the \(T\)-periodic solutions of the problem \(-\Delta^2y(k-1)=f(k,y(k),y(k-\tau))\), \(k \in \mathbb{Z}\), with \(f\) \(T\)-periodic in its first variable.

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