scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2005680
The authors show that special values at integers of certain real Igusa zeta functions are period integrals, or shortly periods, in the sense of \textit{M. Kontsevich} and \textit{D. Zagier} [Engquist, Björn (ed.) et al., Mathematics unlimited -- 2001 and beyond. Berlin: Springer, 771--808 (2001; Zbl 1039.11002)]. A period is a complex number whose real and imaginary parts are absolutely convergent integrals of the form \(\int_C f\, d\mu\) where \(C \subset \mathbb R^n\) is semialgebraic and \(f\) a rational function and the coefficients of \(f\) and of the polynomials defining \(C\) are real algebraic numbers. There are more flexible ways to describe periods, also given by Kontsevich and Zagier and somewhat elaborated in this paper. We now state the main theorem. Let \(X\) be a smooth variety defined over a field \(k \subset \mathbb R \cap \overline{\mathbb Q}\) and \(f\) a regular function on \(X\). Let \(C\) be a compact semialgebraic subset of \(X_{f\geq 0}(\mathbb R)\) defined over \(k\), which contains an open (in the usual topology) subset of \(X(\mathbb R)\). Take finally a differential form \(\omega \in \Omega^n(X)\). The (real) Igusa zeta function \(I(s):=\int_C f^s \omega\), defined and analytic for \(s \in \mathbb C\) with \(\Re(s)>0\), extends meromorphically to \(\mathbb C\) with poles occurring only at negative integers. For any \(s_0 \in \mathbb Z\), the coefficients \(a_i\) in the Laurent expansion \(I(s)=\sum_{i\geq N} a_i (s-s_0)^i\) are periods. The proof consists in showing the existence of functional equations of the form \(\sum_{i\geq 0}c_i(s) I(s+i)=0\), with the \(c_i \in \mathbb C[s]\). (Such a functional equation is classically known since \textit{I. N. Bernstein} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 6, 273--285 (1972); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 6, No. 4, 26--40 (1972; Zbl 0282.46038)], but his approach using \(\mathcal D\)--modules does not seem to work when the domain of integration is a semialgebraic set.) This result is definitely interesting by itself, but the motivation of the authors was the desire to show that certain numbers in quantum field theory, essentially dimensionally regularized Feynman amplitudes, are periods. This connection will be clarified in a forthcoming paper by the second author; here an example is sketched.
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