scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2052602

Special maps on topological spaces (open, closed, perfect, etc.) (54C10) Special maps on metric spaces (54E40) Continua and generalizations (54F15) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25)

Review text

A (continuous) map \(f:X\to Y\) is called universal [\textit{W. Holsztyński}, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Sér. Sci Math. Astron. Phys. 12, 603--606 (1964; Zbl 0135.22902)] if for each map \(g:X\to Y\) there is a point \(x\) such that \(f(x)=g(x)\). Several modifications of this concept were introduced by \textit{M. M. Marsh} [Rocky Mt. J. Math. 27, 1187--1198 (1997; Zbl 0908.54027)]. Call a map \(f:X\to Y\) between continua CE-universal (CE for Charatonik and Escobedo; the authors call them semi-universal) if for each subcontinuum \(K\) of \(X\) with \(f(K)=Y\) and for each substitution \(g:K\to X\) a point \(x\) in \(K\) does not change the value under \(f\), \(f(g(x))=g(x)\). Although the classes of universal and CE-universal maps overlap, and the distinction can be found using simple triods for description of examples, they behave in many aspects analogously. This analogy is the subject of the reviewed paper. For instance, the maps into arc-like continua are CE-universal analogously to the behaviour of universal maps, as was shown by \textit{W. Holsztyński} [Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. 15, 433--438 (1967; Zbl 0156.43603)]. The authors also study the behaviour of CE-universal maps under their compositions and they find several distinctions in this respect between universal and CE-universal maps. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1005.00053].

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