scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2070334
\textit{M. V. Yakobson} [Math. USSR, Sb. 14, 161--185 (1971); translation from Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 85(127), 163--188 (1971; Zbl 0216.20802)] proved that Axiom A maps are dense in the space of \(C^1\) interval maps. To extend this result to \(C^k\) interval maps for \(k>1\) is considered to be one of the most important problems in one-dimensional dynamics. This paper illustrates some of the challenges of this problem as well as the author's result that Axiom A maps are dense in the space of \(C^k\) unimodal maps [Ann. Math. (2) 157, No. 1, 1--43 (2003; Zbl 1215.37022)]. The introduction gives a brief history of the \(C^k\)-structural stability problem in the settings of spaces of \(C^k\) maps of a manifold to itself (discussing \(k=1\) as well as \(k>1\)), quadratic interval maps, unimodal maps, and multimodal maps. Section 2 discusses the main difficulty in the \(k>1\) case (constructing global perturbations) and constructs examples of local perturbations of unimodal maps for motivation. Let \(Sg\) denote the Schwarzian derivative of \(g\). Section 3 studies estimates for cross-ratio distortion, the Koebe lemma, the role of the Schwarzian derivative, and sketches the proof in the unimodal case of the following result for a \(C^3\) map of an interval \(X\) to itself with nonflat critical points: for any critical point \(c\) there exists an interval \(Z\) about \(f(c)\) so that if \(f^n(x) \in Z\) for \(x \in X\) and \(n>0\), then \(Sf^n<0\). [See the author, Ann. Math. (2) 152, 743--762 (2000; Zbl 0988.37044) for the unimodal case and \textit{S. van Strien} and \textit{E. Vargas}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 17, 749--782 (2004; Zbl 1073.37043) for the general case.] Section 4 studies the author's above mentioned result that Axiom A maps are dense in the space of \(C^k\) unimodal maps. For a closely related theorem, the case of infinitely renormalizable maps is proven. For the other cases the additional difficulties are discussed. [See also the author, Structural stability in one dimensional dynamics, Ph.D. thesis, Amsterdam University (1998).] Section 5 discusses some of the obstacles of the structural stability problem for the multimodal case as well as the result of \textit{W. Shen} that Axiom A maps are dense in the space of \(C^2\) multimodal maps [Invent. Math. 156, 301--403 (2004; Zbl 1057.37039)]. To conclude, the author provides an appendix on quasiconformal homeomorphisms [for more background see \textit{W. de Melo} and \textit{S. van Strien}, One-dimensional dynamics, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete, 3. Folge, 25, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (1993; Zbl 0791.58003)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1031.37002].
- Axiom A maps are dense in the space of unimodal maps in the C^k topology
- On the metric properties of multimodal interval maps and \(C^2\) density of Axiom A
- Qualitative analysis of the dynamics and stability properties for axiom A maps
- Local critical perturbations of unimodal maps
- A structure theorem in one dimensional dynamics
- Local critical perturbations of unimodal maps
- Qualitative analysis of the dynamics and stability properties for axiom A maps
- Axiom A maps are dense in the space of unimodal maps in the C^k topology
- Dense set of negative Schwarzian maps whose critical points have minimal limit sets
- Typical limit sets of critical points for smooth interval maps
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