On weakly commutative homogeneous spaces

Let \(M = G/K\) be a connected homogeneous Riemannian manifold, \(X = T^*M\) its cotangent bundle and \(P(X)\) the Poisson algebra of functions on \(X\) which are polynomial on the fibres. \(M\) is called weakly homogeneous if the Poisson subalgebra of \(G\)-invariant functions \(P(X)^G \subset P(X)\) is commutative. Under the hypothesis that \(M\) is simply connected, one can assume that \(G\) is simply connected and almost effective and that \(K\) is connected. Moreover, \(G\) admits a semidirect decomposition \(G=L\rtimes N\), where \(N\) is the nilradical and \(L\supset K\) is reductive. Let \({\mathfrak g} = {\mathfrak l} + {\mathfrak n}\) be the corresponding decomposition of the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g} = \text{Lie}\, G\). After choosing a \(K\)-invariant complement \({\mathfrak m} \subset {\mathfrak l}\) to \({\mathfrak k} = \text{Lie}\, K\) in \({\mathfrak l}\), we can identify the dual space \(({\mathfrak g}/{\mathfrak k})^*\) with \({\mathfrak m}^* \oplus {\mathfrak n}^*\). The result of the paper, which builds on previous work of Vinberg, is that \(M\) is weakly commutative if and only if the following conditions hold: (i) \({\mathfrak l} = {\mathfrak k} + {\mathfrak l}_\gamma\) for \(\gamma \in {\mathfrak n}^*\) in general position, (ii) \(L_\gamma/K_\gamma\) is weakly commutative for \(\gamma \in {\mathfrak n}^*\) in general position and (iii) \((K_\beta \rtimes N)/K_\beta\) is weakly commutative for \(\beta \in {\mathfrak m}^*\) in general position.

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