Extensions of multilinear operators and Banach space properties

Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25) Multilinear and polynomial operators (47H60)

Review text

There is, in general, no Hahn--Banach theorem for multilinear operators. However, Goldstine's theorem and iteration allows each \(n\)-linear multilinear operator \(T\) in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\) to be extended to \(\overline T\) in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\). Since there are \(n!\) possible permutations of the indices, there are, in theory, \(n!\) different possible extensions of \(T\) to an element of \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\). Each of these extensions is referred to as an Aron--Berner extension. A multilinear operator \(T\) in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\) is said to be completely continuous (resp., unconditionally convergent) if for all weak Cauchy sequence \((x_j^k)_k\) in \(E_j\) (resp., all weakly unconditional series \(\sum_{k}x_j^k\)), \(1\leq j\leq n\), \((T(x_1^k,\ldots,x_n^k))_k\) (resp., \((T(\sum_{j=1}^kx_1^j,\dots, \sum_{j=1}^kx_n^j))_k\)) converges strongly to \(0\). The authors show that each of the Banach spaces \(E_1,\dots, E_n\) has the reciprocal Dunford--Pettis property (resp., Pełczyński's property (V)) if and only if for every Banach space \(X\) each Aron--Berner extension of every completely continuous (resp., every unconditionally convergent) multilinear operator in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\dots, E_n;X)\) is \(X\)-valued if and only if for every Banach space \(X\) every completely continuous (resp., every unconditionally convergent) multilinear operator in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\) has an Aron--Berner extension which is \(X\)-valued. In addition, the authors show that the Banach spaces \(E_1,\dots, E_n\) (resp., Arens regular Banach spaces \(E_1,\dots, E_n\)) have the Dunford--Pettis property (resp., have duals with the Dunford--Pettis property) if and only if for every Banach space \(X\), each \(T\) in \({\mathcal L}^n(E_1,\ldots, E_n;X)\) which has an \(X\)-valued Aron--Berner extension is completely continuous (resp., has a completely continuous Aron--Berner extension) if and only if for every Banach space \(X\) each weakly compact \(T\) in \({\mathcal L}^n (E_1,\dots, E_n;X)\) which has \(X\)-valued Aron--Berner extension is completely continuous (resp., has a completely continuous Aron--Berner extension). When \(E_1,\dots, E_n\) have the Dunford--Pettis property and property (V), then the properties of \(T\) being completely continuous, \(T\) being unconditionally convergent and \(\bar T\) being \(X\)-valued all coincide. An important step in establishing this result is the study of continuity on Dunford--Pettis sets. Analogous results to those obtained above for homogeneous polynomials and holomorphic functions of bounded type are briefly discussed in the paper.

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