scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2079576
A subdomain \(D\) of a bounded domain \(\Omega\), such that \(\Omega \backslash {\overline D}\), can be reconstructed using curves \(c:[0,1]\to \Omega\), with \(c(0),c(1)\in \partial \Omega\), by the following formula \[ \partial \Omega = \{c(t(c,D)): t(c,D)<1\}, \] where \[ t(c,D) = \sup\{ t\in (0,1): c(s)\in \Omega \backslash {\overline D},\;\forall s\in (0,t)\}. \] Consider now the problem of recovering a cavity \(D\subset \Omega\) by means of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator \(\Lambda_D:f\to D_\nu u\), where \(\nu\) denotes the outward normal unit vector to \(\partial \Omega\) and \(u\) is the solution to the boundary value problem \[ \Delta u=0\quad \text{ in\;} \Omega \backslash {\overline D},\qquad D_\nu u=0\quad \text{ on\;} \partial D,\qquad u=f\quad \text{ on\;} \partial \Omega. \] In the 3-D case the author shows the formula \(T(c)=(0,t(c,D))\), where \[ T(c)=\Big\{ t\in (0,1): \exists \lim_{n\to+\infty} \int_{\partial \Omega} v_n(x,c_s) (\Lambda_\emptyset-\Lambda_D)v_n(x,c_s)\,d\sigma(x),\;\forall s\in (0,t)\Big\}. \] \(\{v_n\}\) denotes a sequence of harmonic functions in \(H^1(\Omega)\) such that \(\nabla v_n(x,c)\to \nabla G(x-c(t))\) in \(L^2(\Omega \backslash c_t)\), \(G(x)=(4\pi | x| )^{-1}\), \(c_t=c([0,t])\), and \(\Lambda_\emptyset\) stands for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator related to the empty set. The formula \(T(c)=(0,t(c,D))\), called an extraction formula, allows to recover \(\partial D\), even though the actual construction of the sequence \(\{v_n\}\) seems to be a hard task. Another extraction formula allows to recover the convex hull \[ \text{ co}\,D =\bigcap_{\omega\in S^2}\,\{x\in {\mathbb R}^3: x\cdot \omega < h_D(\omega)\}, \] where \(h_D(\omega)=\sup\,\{x\cdot\omega: x\in D\}\), \(\omega \in S^2\). The function \(h_D\) can be reconstructed using a suitable indicator function \(I_{\omega,\theta}\), where \(\omega\cdot \theta=0\), \(\omega \in S^2\). When \(D\) is a finite union of open polygons with \(\text{ diam}\,D<d(D,\partial \Omega)\), \(\text{ co}\,D\) can be recovered also when we are given a pair \((f,\Lambda_D\,f)\) with a fixed \(f\). The author deals also with the case when \(f\) and \(\Lambda_D\,f\) are affected by errors \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) belonging to \(L^2(\Omega)\). Finally, the last part of the paper examines the case where \(\Omega\) is unbounded. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1023.00018].
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