scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2079095

The paper carefully studies the structure of certain Leibniz algebras constructed as the product of a nilpotent and an abelian Leibniz algebra over a characteristic zero field. The Hilbert series of such an algebra is proven to be a rational function, and every subvariety of these algebras is proven to be defined by a finite number of polynomial identities. Recall [\textit{J.-L. Loday}, Une version non commutative des algèbres de Lie: les algèbres de Leibniz, Enseign. Math. 39, 269--293 (1993; Zbl 0806.55009)] that a Leibniz algebra \(L\) is a vector space together with a linear map \[ [\;\, , \;]: L \otimes L \to L \] that satisfies the ``Leibniz identity \[ [x,\, [y,\, z]] = [[x, \, y], \, z] - [[x, \, z ], \, y]. \] For a set \(X\), let \(F_X\) denote the free Leibniz algebra on \(X\). If \(X\) has cardinality \(m\), the symbol \(F_m = F_X\) is also used. For \(x_i \in X\) and \(u_i (x_1, \, \ldots, x_{n_i})\) polynomials in the \(x_i\)'s, let \(\mathcal{U}\) be the variety of all Leibniz algebras satisfying the polynomial identities \[ u_i (x_1, \, \ldots , \, x_{n_i}) = 0, \;\;\;i \in I, \] for some index set \(I\). Let \(U\) be the ideal of \(F_X\) of all identities of \(\mathcal{U}\). Then \(F({\mathcal{U}}) = F_X/U\). Let \({\mathcal{N}}_c\) denote the variety of all nilpotent Leibniz algebras of class less than or equal to \(c\), i.e., those Leibniz algebras that satisfy \[ [[[x_1, \, x_2], \, x_3], \, \ldots, \, x_{c+1}] = 0. \] Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be the variety of all abelian Leibniz algebras, i.e., those algebras that satisfy \([x_1, \, x_2] = 0\). The paper considers Leibniz algebras \(L\) in the product \({\mathcal{N}}_c\, {\mathcal{A}}\), which are precisely those \(L\) for which the commutator ideal is nilpotent of class less than or equal to \(c\). For example, \({\mathcal{N}}_1 {\mathcal{A}} = {\mathcal{A}}^2\) is the variety of metabelian Leibniz algebras. Given Leibniz algebras \(L\) and \(H\) with \(L \in {\mathcal{U}}\), the wreath product \(L_{{\text{wr}}_{\mathcal{U}}}H\) is defined over \({\mathcal{U}}\) so that \(L_{{\text{wr}}_{\mathcal{U}}}H\) is isomorphic to a quotient of the free product \(L \ast H\) by a certain ideal. For generating sets \(X\) and \(Z\), \(F_X ({\mathcal{N}}_c\, {\mathcal{A}})\) is embedded into the product \[ F_X({\mathcal{N}}_c)_{{{\text{wr}}_{{\mathcal{N}}_c}}} F_Z({\mathcal{A}}). \] As a consequence, a vector space basis for \(F_X( {\mathcal{N}}_c \, {\mathcal{A}})\) is given in terms of iterated brackets. The algebra \(F_m ({\mathcal{U}})\) has a natural grading inherited from the grading of \(F_m\). If \(F^{(n)}_m ({\mathcal{U}})\) are the homogeneous components of degree \(n\), then the Hilbert series of \(F_m( {\mathcal{U}})\) is defined as the power series \[ H( F_m({\mathcal{U}}), \, t) = \sum_{n \geq 1} {\text{dim}} \, F^{(n)}_m({\mathcal{U}}) \, t^n . \] Over a characteristic zero field, the authors prove that for any subvariety \(\mathcal{U}\) of \({\mathcal{N}}_c\, {\mathcal{A}}\), the Hilbert series \(H(F_m ({\mathcal{U}}), \, t)\), \(m \geq 1\), is a rational function of \(t\). It is also proved that every subvariety of \({\mathcal{N}}_c\, {\mathcal{A}}\) can be defined by a finite number of polynomial identities. As a corollary, if \(L\) is a solvable Leibniz algebra, then its variety has a finite basis for its polynomial identities. For similar results concerning Lie algebras, see [\textit{A. N. Krasilnikov}, On the property of having a finite basis of some varieties of Lie algebras. Mosc. State Univ. Bull. 37, No. 2, 44--48 (1982); translation from Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. I, Mat. Mekh. No. 2, 34--38 (1982; Zbl 0494.17010)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1027.00013].

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