scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1455315
Let \(K\) be a local field of characteristic zero and residue characteristic \(p>0,\) and \(k\) a finite field of characteristic \(p\). If \(\overline \rho:G_K\rightarrow \text{GL}_2(k)\) is a representation of the absolute Galois group of \(K\), one can ask whether there is a deformation of \(\overline\rho\) to characteristic zero. In most cases of interest there is a universal deformation ring. The paper aims at describing a slightly modified deformation problem, which gives information on the original problem and for which a universal deformation ring \(R\) exists. Let \(W(k)\) be the ring of Witt-vectors of \(k\), and \(b_i:=\dim_kH^i(G_K,\text{ad})\), where ad is the adjoint representation belonging to \(\overline\rho.\) We get the following theorem. \(R\) is a quotient of \(W(k)[[t_1,\dots t_{b_1}]]\) by an ideal which is generated by \(b_2\) relations, which are transversal (and can be described explicitly). It is a complete intersection and is flat over \(W(K).\) The proof of this theorem consumes most of the paper. Take a maximal pro-\(p\)-extension \(L(p)\) of the splitting field of \(\overline\rho\). Then \(\text{Gal}(L(p) / K)\) contains a \(p\)-Sylow group \(G_F(p)\) which (by normality) has a (finite) complement \(G\), which maps bijectively onto a complement of the \(p\)-Sylow group \(U\) in the image \(H\) of \(\overline\rho\) (which is upper triangular after conjugation). The technical heart of the proof lies in considering \(G\)-equivariant representations of \(G_F(p)\) into some congruence subgroup of \(\text{GL}_2(R)\). But \(G_F(p)\) is either free or a Demuškin group: It is then a finitely generated one relator pro-\(p\)-group, whose subgroups of index \(p\) are also one relator groups. Many statements of the paper are formulated in this more general setting of Demuškin groups with group actions. After proving the above theorem, the author finishes by considering the ordinary locus of \(\overline\rho\), and by applying the local result in global situations.
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