Bäcklund transformations and loop group actions

DOI10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(200001)53:1%3C1::AID-CPA1%3E3.0.CO;2-UMaRDI QIDQ4487947zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Chuu-Lian Terng, Karen Uhlenbeck

Publication date 25 June 2000

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9805074

zbMATH Keywords

Bäcklund transformationsBianchi permutability theoremsdressing actionintegrable systemsKdVloop groupsNLSsimple elementsZS-AKNS

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of Lie algebras and superalgebras to integrable systems (17B80) Loop groups and related constructions, group-theoretic treatment (22E67) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37K30) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35)

Abstract: We construct a local action of the group of rational maps from $S^2$ to $GL(n,C)$ on local solutions of flows of the ZS-AKNS $sl(n,C)$-hierarchy. We show that the actions of simple elements (linear fractional transformations) give local B"acklund transformations, and we derive a permutability formula from different factorizations of a quadratic element. We prove that the action of simple elements on the vacuum may give either global smooth solutions or solutions with singularities. However, the action of the subgroup of the rational maps that satisfy the U(n)-reality condition $$ on the space of global rapidly decaying solutions of the flows in the $u(n)$-hierarchy is global, and the action of a simple element gives a global B"acklund transformation. The actions of certain elements in the rational loop group on the vacuum give rise to explicit time periodic multi-solitons (multi-breathers). We show that this theory generalizes the classical B"acklund theory of the sine-Gordon equation. The group structures of B"acklund transformations for various hierarchies are determined by their reality conditions. We identify the reality conditions (the group structures) for the $sl(n,R)$, $u(k,n-k)$, KdV, Kupershmidt-Wilson, and Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchies. The actions of linear fractional transformations that satisfies a reality condition, modulo the center of the group of rational maps, gives B"acklund and Darboux transformations for the hierarchy defined by the reality condition. Since the factorization cannot always be carried out under these reality condition, the action is again local, and B"acklund transformations only generate local solutions for these hierarchies unless singular solutions are allowed.

Recommendations

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1500703
• Laws of composition of Bäcklund transformations and the universal form of completely integrable systems in dimensions two and three
• On the permutability of Bäcklund transformations. I: Infinitesimal Bäcklund transformations of the sine-Gordon equation
• Action as an invariant of Bäcklund transformations for Lagrangian systems
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4122508

Cites work

• Hamiltonian Hierarchies on Semisimple Lie Algebras
• Hamiltonian methods in the theory of solitons. Transl. from the Russian by A. G. Reyman
• Integration of nonlinear equations of mathematical physics by the method of inverse scattering. II
• The Inverse Scattering Transform‐Fourier Analysis for Nonlinear Problems

Cited in

(only showing first 100 items - show all)

• Hamiltonian evolution of curves in classical affine geometries
• Ribaucour transformations for isometric immersions of pseudo-Riemannian space forms
• Darboux transformations for super-Schrödinger equation, super-Dirac equation and their exact solutions
• A discrete generalized coupled dispersionless integrable system and its multisoliton solutions
• General soliton solutions to a coupled Fokas-Lenells equation
• Three-wave resonant interactions: multi-dark-dark-dark solitons, breathers, rogue waves, and their interactions and dynamics
• Exact solutions of a negative matrix AKNS system with a Hermitian symmetric space
• Transformations and singularities of polarized curves
• Bäcklund theorems in three-dimensional de Sitter space and anti-de Sitter space
• Darboux transforms and simple factor dressing of constant mean curvature surfaces
• Vector rational and semi-rational rogue waves for the coupled cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger system in a non-Kerr medium
• Survey on real forms of the complex \(A_2^{(2)}\)-Toda equation and surface theory
• Simple factor dressings and Bianchi-Bäcklund transformations
• Beak-shaped rogue waves for a higher-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with \(4 \times 4\) Lax pair
• Darboux transforms for the \(\hat{B}_n^{(1)}\)-hierarchy
• Multi-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations with nonzero boundary conditions: higher-order vector Peregrine solitons and asymptotic estimates
• Semi-rational vector rogon-soliton solutions of the five-component Manakov/NLS system with mixed backgrounds
• Minimal surfaces under constrained Willmore transformation
• Periodic Cauchy problem of Heisenberg ferromagnet and its geometric framework
• Asymptotic analysis of high-order solitons for the Hirota equation
• Rational vector rogue waves for the \(n\)-component Hirota equation with non-zero backgrounds
• The robust inverse scattering method for focusing Ablowitz-Ladik equation on the non-vanishing background
• Dark-dark solitons, soliton molecules and elastic collisions in the mixed three-level coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations
• Willmore deformations between minimal surfaces in \(\mathbb{H}^{n+2}\) and \(\mathbb{S}^{n+2}\)
• Factorization problems on rational loop groups, and the Poisson geometry of Yang-Baxter maps
• Three types of Darboux transformation and general soliton solutions for the space-shifted nonlocal \(\mathcal{PT}\) symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• Darboux transformation and solitonic solution to the coupled complex short pulse equation
• Solitons, breathers and rogue waves in the coupled nonlocal reverse-time nonlinear Schrödinger equations
• Fokas-Lenells equation: three types of Darboux transformation and multi-soliton solutions
• Darboux transformation and classification of solution for mixed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations
• Three-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations: modulational instability, \(N\)th-order vector rational and semi-rational rogue waves, and dynamics
• Solitons and dynamics for the integrable nonlocal pair-transition-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• Splitting strings on integrable backgrounds
• Novel rogue waves and dynamics in the integrable pair-transition-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• Complete integrability of shock clustering and Burgers turbulence
• Dynamic behaviors of mixed localized solutions for the three-component coupled Fokas-Lenells system
• Explicit solutions to a nonlocal 2-component complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation
• Remarks on the local version of the inverse scattering method
• Novel higher-order rational solitons and dynamics of the defocusing integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation via the determinants
• Multi-soliton, multi-breather and higher order rogue wave solutions to the complex short pulse equation
• Initial value problems of the sine-Gordon equation and geometric solutions
• Infinitely many radial solutions to elliptic problems with critical Sobolev and Hardy terms
• Dressing preserving the fundamental group
• Simple factor dressing and the López-Ros deformation of minimal surfaces in Euclidean 3-space
• Semi-rational vector rogon-soliton solutions and asymptotic analysis for any \(n\)-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with mixed boundary conditions
• Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation: one-constraint method and lump pattern
• Darboux transformations for the \(\hat{A}_{2n}^{(2)}\)-KdV hierarchy
• Mean-convex Alexandrov embedded constant mean curvature tori in the 3-sphere
• Twisted hierarchies associated with the generalized sine-Gordon equation
• A twisted integrable hierarchy with \(\mathbb{D}_2\) symmetry
• On the modified constrained Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations
• KdV GEOMETRIC FLOWS ON KÄHLER MANIFOLDS
• Isothermic submanifolds of symmetric \(R\)-spaces
• BÄCKLUND TRANSFORMATIONS AND LAX PAIRS FOR THE NONLINEAR KLEIN–GORDON EQUATION WITH SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION
• The symmetries of solitons
• Modulational instability, beak-shaped rogue waves, multi-dark-dark solitons and dynamics in pair-transition-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations
• Central affine curve flow on the plane
• \(N\)-soliton solution and soliton resonances for the \((2+1)\)-dimensional inhomogeneous Gardner equation
• Multi-dark-dark solitons of the integrable repulsive AB system via the determinants
• The \(n\)-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations: dark-bright mixed \(N\)- and high-order solitons and breathers, and dynamics
• A spectral curve approach to Lawson symmetric CMC surfaces of genus 2
• High‐Order Soliton Solution of Landau–Lifshitz Equation
• Solitons for the Schrödinger flows on Hermitian symmetric spaces
• Projective loops generate rational loop groups
• Geometric curve flows and integrable systems
• Ground state solution for the Schrödinger equation with Hardy potential and critical Sobolev exponent
• Applications of quaternionic holomorphic geometry to minimal surfaces
• Holomorphic solutions of soliton equations
• Dynamics of the smooth positons of the complex modified KdV equation
• Soliton Equations and Their Holomorphic Solutions
• The general coupled Hirota equations: modulational instability and higher-order vector rogue wave and multi-dark soliton structures
• Minimal n-noids in hyperbolic and anti-De Sitter 3-space
• Generators for rational loop groups
• Darboux transformation and novel solutions for the long wave-short wave model
• On the geometry of star-shaped curves in \(\mathbb{R}^n\)
• Asymptotics of ends of constant mean curvature surfaces with bubbletons
• Completely integrable curve flows on adjoint orbits
• Tau functions and Virasoro actions for soliton hierarchies
• Bounded multi-soliton solutions and their asymptotic analysis for the reversal-time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• Solitons for the coupled matrix nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations and the related Schrödinger flow
• A generalized integrable lattice hierarchy related to the Ablowitz–Ladik lattice: Conservation law, Darboux transformation and exact solution
• Soliton interactions and Yang–Baxter maps for the complex coupled short‐pulse equation
• Darboux transformation for nonlinear Schrödinger type hierarchies
• Vector semi-rational rogon-solitons and asymptotic analysis for any multi-component Hirota equations with mixed backgrounds
• Classical Yang-Baxter equation, Lagrangian multiforms and ultralocal integrable hierarchies
• Large and infinite-order solitons of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• The \(n \times n\) KdV hierarchy
• Large-time lump patterns of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I equation in a plasma analyzed via vector one-constraint method
• Higher-order conservation laws for the nonlinear Poisson equation via characteristic cohomology
• Asymptotic behavior for elliptic problems with singular coefficient and nearly critical Sobolev growth
• Integrable flows on null curves in the anti-de Sitter 3-space
• On the inverse scattering transform to the discrete Hirota equation with nonzero boundary conditions
• Breather interactions in the integrable discrete Manakov system and trigonometric Yang-Baxter maps
• The mixed n-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations and related Schrödinger flow
• Bubbletons are not embedded
• On the large-order asymptotics of Kuznetsov-Ma breathers
• Isothermic submanifolds
• Locality criterion for matrix soliton equations
• The Manakov equation of mixed type and its matrix generalization
• Far-field asymptotics of the high-order solitons for Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Danie equation

This page was built for publication: Bäcklund transformations and loop group actions

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q4487947)