scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1474850
The author discusses the oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of the following \(n\)th-order difference equation \[ \Delta^n x(k)+ p(k)\Delta^{n- 1}x(k)+ q(k) f[x(g_1(k)),\dots, x(g_m(k))]= 0,\quad k\in\mathbb{N}_0,\tag{1} \] where \(\Delta^r x(k)= \Delta(\Delta^{r- 1}x(k))\), \(r= 2,3,\dots, n\), \(\Delta x(k)= x(k+ 1)- x(k)\), \(\Delta^0 x(k)= x(k)\), \(p:\mathbb{N}_0\to [0,\infty)\), \(q: \mathbb{N}_0\to (0,\infty)\), \(f: \mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}\), \(x_i f[x_1,\dots, x_m]> 0\) holds for \(x_i\neq 0\), \(i= 1,2,\dots, m\), \(q_i: \mathbb{N}_0\to \mathbb{N}_0\) satisfying \(q_i(k)\leq k\), \(\lim_{k\to\infty} g_i(k)= \infty\), \(i= 1,\dots, m\). The main result is embodied in the following Theorem 1. Suppose that the following conditions are satisfied: 1. \(\lim\inf_{k\to\infty} |{f[x_1,\dots, x_m]\over x}|\geq c\) holds for some positive number \(c>0\) and \(|x_i|\geq|x|\), \(i= 1,\dots, m\); 2. \(\limsup_{k\to\infty} \sum^\infty_{s= k} ({kq(s)\over s} \min_{1\leq i\leq m} \{g_i(k)\})> {1\over c}\); 3. \(1- p(k)> 0\), and \(\lim_{k\to\infty} \sum^{k-1}_{i= \xi} \prod^{i- 1}_{s= \xi} (1- p(s))= \infty\), \(\xi\in \mathbb{N}_0\). Then, 1) if \(n\geq 2\) is an even number, equation (1) is oscillatory; and 2) if \(n\geq 1\) is an odd number, every solution \(x(k)\) of (1) is either oscillatory or satisfying the relation \(\lim_{k\to\infty} \Delta^s x(k)= 0\), \(s= 0,1,\dots, n-1\).
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