Mixed exponential sums over finite fields
Let \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) be a finite field of characteristic \(p\), \( \psi \neq \psi_{0}\) an additive character of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\), and \( \chi \neq \chi_{0}\) a multiplicative character of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) of order \(n\). Let \(X\) be a smooth projective curve of genus \(g_{X}\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\), and \(f,g \in \mathbb{F}_{q}(X)\) two rational functions on \(X\) that satisfy \(f \neq h^{p}-h\) (resp. \(g \neq h^{n}\)) for \(h \in \overline{\mathbb{F}}_{q}(X)\). If \(\mathbb{F}_{q^{m}}\) is a finite extension of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\), let \( \text{norm}: \mathbb{F}_{q} \rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{q}\) and \( \text{tr}: \mathbb{F}_{q} \rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{q}\) be the norm and trace maps, \(X_{m}\) the set of \(\mathbb{F}_{q^{m}}\)-rational points on \(X\), and \[ S_{m}(f,g,X)={ \sum_{x \in X_{m}}'} \chi( \text{norm}(g(x)))\psi( \text{tr}(f(x))) \] the exponential sum over \(X\) associated to \(f\) and \(g\), where the prime in the summation denotes that the poles of \(f\) and \(g\) are to be excluded. Let \(l\) be the number of poles of \(f\), \(s\) the number of points in the support of the divisor \((g)\) of \(g\), and \( \deg ((f)_{ \infty})\) the degree of the divisor of the poles \((f)_{ \infty}\) of \(f\). The well-known result of \textit{G. I. Perel'muter} [Mat. Zametki 5, 373-380 (1969; Zbl 0179.49903)] provides the estimate \[ |S_{m}(f,g,X)|\leq (2g_{X}-2+s+l+ \deg((f)_{ \infty}))q^{m/2}. \] The authors sharpen this upper bound as follows \[ |S_{m}(f,g,X)|\leq (2g_{X}-2+s+l+ \deg((f)_{ \infty})-r)q^{m/2}, \] where \(r\) is the number of closed points on \(X\) common to the support of \((f)_{ \infty}\) and the divisor \((g)\). The main tool of the proof is the calculation of the conductor of the composite field of an Artin-Schreier extension associated to \(f\) and a Kummer extension associated to \(g\).
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