scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1515887

Publication date 17 January 2001

asymptotically regular mapping fixed point theorems Luxemburg norm nonexpansive mapping Orlicz functions Orlicz norm Orlicz spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Contraction-type mappings, nonexpansive mappings, (A)-proper mappings, etc. (47H09) Fixed-point theorems (47H10)

Review text

The author proves fixed point properties of maps on Orlicz spaces under conditions on the asymptotic behavior of Lipschitz constants of powers of the map. Let \(X\) be a Banach space and \(C\) be a subset of \(X\). If \(T:C \rightarrow C\), its Lipschitz constant is \[ |T|= \sup \left \{ \frac{\|Tx - Ty\|}{\|x - y\|} : x, y \in C,\;x \neq y \right \}, \] and \(s(T) = \liminf_n |T^n|\). A mapping \(T\) is asymptotically regular if \(\lim_n \|T^{n +1}x - T^nx\|= 0\), for all \(x \in C\). If \(X\) is a Banach space with a topology \(\tau, X\) has the \(\tau\)-fixed point property (\(\tau\)-FPP) if every non-expansive mapping \(T\) defined on a convex bounded \(\tau\) sequentially compact subset onto itself has a fixed point. The conditions imposed on Orlicz functions are: \(\Phi:[0,\infty) \rightarrow 0,\infty)\) is an Orlicz function if \(\Phi(0) = 0\), and \(\lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} \Phi(x) = +\infty\). \(\Phi\) is an \(N\)-function if \(\Phi(x) >0\) for all \(x > 0\), and it satisfies \(\lim_{x \rightarrow 0+} \frac{\Phi(x)}{x} = 0\) and \(\lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\Phi(x)}{x} = +\infty\). Finally, \(\Phi\) satisfies the \(\Delta_2\)-condition if there is a constant \(K > 0\) such that \(\Phi(2x) \leq K \Phi(x)\) for all \(x > 0\). For an Orlicz function, if \((\Omega, \Sigma, \mu)\) is a measure space, then the Orlicz space is \[ L_{\Phi}(\mu) = \left\{f:\Omega \rightarrow \widetilde R: \text{ measurable},\;int_{\Omega} \Phi(\alpha |f|) d\mu < +\infty \text{ for some } alpha >0 \right\}, \] and there are two possible norms on this space, the Luxemburg norm \[ N_{\Phi} (f) = \inf \left\{ \alpha >0: \int_{\Omega} \Phi \left( |f|/\alpha \right) d\mu \leq 1 \right\} \] and the Orlicz norm \[ \|f\|_{\Phi} = \sup \left\{ \int_{\Omega} |fg|d\mu : \int_{\Omega}\Phi^*(|g|) d\mu \leq 1 \right\} \] where the function \(\Phi^*\) is defined by the formula \(\Phi^*(u) = \sup\{uv - \Phi(v): v \geq 0 \}\). If \(\Phi\) is an \(N\)-function, the Orlicz norm can also be computed by \[ \|f\|_{\Phi} = \inf \left\{ \frac 1k \left( 1 + \int_{\Omega} \Phi(k |f|) d\mu \right) : k > 0 \right\} \] where it can be shown that the infimum is attained. The fixed point property is considered for the topology of convergence locally in measure (clm), a topology associated with a \(\sigma\)-finite partition on the measure space. It is defined by the metric \[ d(f,g) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac 1{2^n} \frac 1{\mu(\Omega_n)} \int_{\Omega_n} \frac{|f -g|}{1 + |f -g|} d\mu. \] Let \(\{\Omega_n \}\) be a \(\sigma\)-finite partition of \(\Omega\). For every \(n \in N\) we define \[ C_ {\Phi}(n) = \inf \left\{ c_f>0: \exists f \in L_{\Phi}(\mu), N_{\Phi}(f) \geq 1, I_{\Phi}(f/c_f) = 1/2, \text{supp } f \subset\bigcup_{k = 1}^n \Omega_i \right\} \] and \(D_{\Phi} = \lim_n C_{\Phi}(n)\), Similarly for a \(N\)-function \(\Phi\) satisfying the \(\Delta_2\)-condition, let \(\{\Omega_n \}\) be a \(\sigma\)-finite partition of \(\Omega\). For every \(k \geq 1\) and \(n \in N\) we define \[ C_{\Phi}(k,n) = \inf \left\{c_{k,f}>0: \exists f \in L_{\Phi}(\mu), \|f\|_{\Phi} \geq 1,\;I_{\Phi}(kf/c_{k,f}) = (k-1)/2, \text{supp }f \subset\bigcup_{k = 1}^n \Omega_i \right\} \] and \(O_{\Phi}(k) = \lim_n C_{\Phi}(k,n)\) and \(O_{\Phi}= \inf \{ O_{\Phi}(k): k > 1 \}\). The two main results are the following. If \(\Phi\) is an Orlicz function satisfying the \(\Delta_2\)-condition, \(C\) is a bounded convex clm compact subset of \((L_{\Phi}(\mu), N_{\Psi}(\cdot))\) such that \(T:C \rightarrow C\) is asymptotically regular, then if \(s(T) <D_{\Phi}, T\) has a fixed point. The result fails for weakly compact subsets. Similarly, if \(\Phi \) is a \(N\)-function satisfying the \(\Delta_2\)-condition, \(C\) is a bounded convex clm compact subset of \((L_{\Phi}(\mu), N_{\Psi}(\cdot))\) such that \(T:C \rightarrow C\) is asymptotically regular, then if \(s(T) <O_{\Phi}, T\) has a fixed point. The author applies these results to prove stability results for the fixed point property. For example, let \(\Phi\) be an Orlicz function satisfying the \(\Delta_2\)-condition and \(|\cdot |\) is a norm on \(L_{\Phi}(\mu)\) such that \(|f|\leq N_{\Phi} (f) \leq d|f|\). If \(d < D_{\Phi}\), \(Y = (L_{\Phi}(\mu), |\cdot |)\) has the clm-FPP. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0943.00053].

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