scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1522687
In this paper the author presents a sequence of theorems (proofs are omitted) leading to the characterizations of the functions \(\exp\), \(\ln\), \(\sin\) and \(\cos\), which are considered as restrictions of functions mapping complex numbers into complex numbers. The main conclusions: There exists only one function \(u:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) satisfying \(u(x+y)= u(x)u(y)\) for all \(x,y\) in the real line \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(1+x\neq u(x)\neq 1+x+x^{2}\) for all \(x\in [0,1]\), that is, there exists only one exponential function on \(\mathbb{R}\). There exists only one function \(v:(0,\infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) satisfying \(v(xy)= u(x)+u(y)\) for all \(x,y\in (0,\infty)\) and \((x-1)-(x-1)^{2}\neq v(x)\neq x-1\) for all \(x\in [1,2]\), that is, there exists only one abstract natural logarithm function on \((0, \infty)\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0937.00509].
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