scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1535860
control theoremsdeformation ringselliptic curveHecke algebrasmodular curvemodular formsmodular Galois representationsmoduli spaces of elliptic curvesShimura-Taniyama-Weil conjecture
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to number theory (11-02) Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Galois representations (11F80) (p)-adic theory, local fields (11F85) Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to algebraic geometry (14-02) Local ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G20)
The Shimura-Taniyama-Weil conjecture states that every elliptic curve over rationals appears as a factor of the Jacobian of a modular curve. The Taylor-Wiles (also Diamond, Breuil, Conrad) proof of this conjecture uses the marvelous interaction of local Frobenius elements inside the absolute Galois group to show that the deformation rings are small enough to be isomorphic to Hecke algebras. Most ingredients of Wiles' proof (except for the construction of modular Galois representations and a detailed description of arithmetic moduli of elliptic curves) are covered (to some extent) by the author's book [\textit{H. Hida}, Modular forms and Galois cohomology, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, No. 69, Cambridge University Press (2000; Zbl 0952.11014)]. The present book provides the missing ingredients, as well as an outline of some new modularity results concerning two-dimensional Galois representations. Prerequisites for the reader are rather high (for example, some experience with arithmetic algebraic geometry). Complete proofs (or detailed references) of all statements are given, hence the book may be adressed to graduate students working in number theory and arithmetic algebraic geometry. The book is divided into five chapters. Algebro-geometric methods (Cartier duality, cohomology of coherent sheaves, descent etc.) are recalled in the preliminary Chapter 1, which are then used in studying classification problems of elliptic curves. In Chapter 2 the author gives a comprehensive account of the theory of moduli spaces of elliptic curves. The first five sections contain an explanation of the theory of divisors on curves, geometric theory of elliptic curves, elliptic curves over \(p\)-adic and complex numbers. Elliptic curves with level \(N\)-structures are studied in section 2.6. Regularity of the moduli schemes (Katz-Mazur theorem) is established in section 2.8 (Theorem 2.8.2). Let \(p> 3\) be a prime, \((p,N)=1\). The main result of section 2.9 (Proposition 2.9.6) says that the \(p\)-ordinary moduli scheme is irreducible. Chapter 3 concerns the so-called ``control theorems. In section 3.1 the horizontal control theorem (Theorem 3.15) has been proved. This result was used in [\textit{H. Hida}, Modular forms and Galois cohomology (loc. cit.)] for the identification of a (minimal) universal Galois deformation ring with an appropriate Hecke algebra. Vertical control theorems are proved in section 3.2, which describe specialisations of \(p\)-adic deformation of classical modular forms (Theorem 3.2.15, Lemma 3.2.18). They allow to identify the \(p\)-ordinary Galois deformation ring with a big \(p\)-adic Hecke algebra, and are useful in many other arithmetic applications. In Chapter 4 the author constructs modular Galois representations (and studies their ramifications) using Jacobians of modular curves (Theorem 4.2.7). Such representations are first constructed for modular forms of weight 2 by the method employed by \textit{G. Shimura} in his book [Introduction to the arithmetic theory of automorphic functions, Iwanami-Shoten and Princeton University Press (1971; Zbl 0221.10029), reprint (1994; Zbl 0872.11023)], and a general situation is reduced to this case. Let us recall that there are (another) two ways to construct modular Galois representations directly: geometric (Deligne), and analytic (Langlands). In the last Chapter 5 the author discusses modularity problems: the description of the original Wiles' treatment (Theorems 5.2.1 and 5.2.6), and the author's new results concerning elliptic \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves (section 5.2.3).
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