scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1546649
A well-known problem in analytic number theory is the range of values of \(y\) such that \newline \(\psi(x+y)-\psi(x)\sim y\) (\(\psi\) being Chebyshev's function). This paper deals with the case when the above asymptotic formula is only required to hold for almost all values of \(x\) belonging to some set. We say that a real differentiable function \(g\) is of type \(\alpha\) if the ratios \(g(x)/x^{\alpha}\) and \(g'(x)/(\alpha x^{\alpha-1})\) are both bounded above and below as \(x\to+\infty\). The problem is then how large must \(y\) be as a function of \(N\) in order that the asymptotic formula \(\psi(g(n)+y)-\psi(g(n))\sim y\) holds for almost all \(n\in[N,2N]\), if \(g\) is a function of type \(\alpha\). The main unconditional result of the paper connects the size of \(y\) with bounds for \(N(\sigma,T)\) and \(N^{*}(\sigma,T)\), \(N\) being the usual counting function for the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, while \(N^{*}\) counts ordered quadruples of zeros \(\rho_{j}=\beta_{j}+i\gamma_{j}\) which are counted in \(N\) and satisfy \[ |\gamma_{1}+\gamma_{2}-\gamma_{3}-\gamma_{4}|\leq1. \] The result is stated as \(y\geq N^{c(\alpha)+\epsilon}\), where \(c(\alpha)\) is an explicit (though complicated) function of \(\alpha\), and it improves upon the bound given in Part I [D. Bazzanella, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., VII. Ser., B 9, No. 1, 233--249 (1995; Zbl 0828.11045)] for \(\alpha\in[\frac65,23]\). A much simpler result, valid for all \(\alpha\geq\frac65\), is also proved assuming the conjecture that \(N^{*}(\sigma,T)\ll N(\sigma,T)^{4} T^{-1}\). It is also shown that on the Riemann hypothesis one can take any \(y\) such that \(N^{\alpha-1/(2\alpha)}\log N = o(y)\). The main tools for the proof are the classical explicit formula connecting the Chebyshev \(\psi\)-function with zeros of the Riemann zeta function, and the density estimates of Ingham, Huxley and Jutila for the function \(N(\sigma,T)\), and of \textit{D. R. Heath-Brown} [J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 19, 221--232 (1979; Zbl 0393.10043)] for \(N^{*}(\sigma,T)\). The results in Part I were obtained using a different technique, based on the theory of exponential pairs.
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