scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1557003
Let \(X\) be a smooth Fano variety defined over a number field \(F\). Yu. Manin conjectured asymptotic formulae for the number of rational points of bounded height on \(X\); these conjectures have been later refined and investigated by several mathematicians, including \textit{V. Batyrev, E. Peyre} and the second author of the present paper [see \textit{E. Peyre}, Duke Math. J. 79, 101-218 (1995; Zbl 0901.14025) and the volume Astérisque 251 (Paris, 1998; Zbl 0909.00033) for in-depth discussion)]. According to the conjectures, the number of \(F\)-rational points in a Zariski open subset which are of height \(\leq B\) for a height function \({\mathbb H}\) associated to a fixed adelic metric on the (ample) anticanonical bundle of \(V\) is expected to be asymptotically \((1/r!)\theta_{\mathbb H}(X)B(\log B)^r\), where \(r+1\) is the rank of the Picard group of \(X\) and \(\theta_{\mathbb H}(X)\) is the product of three terms: the order of the (finite) cohomology group \(H^1(F,\text{Pic}({\overline X}))\), a rational number \(\alpha(V)\) related to the cone of effective divisors on \(V\) and a certain Tamagawa type number. In the present paper the author's verify the above conjecture for the case of the projective plane blown up in a finite number of collinear \(\mathbb Q\)-rational points. The resulting surface is an equivariant compactification of \({\mathbb G}_a^2\), the square of the additive group and therefore the situation presents features analogous to that of toric varieties (which over the algebraic closure are equivariant compactifications of \({\mathbb G}^n_m\)). There is one notable difference, however: the surfaces studied in the present paper admit moduli (namely, \({\mathcal M}_{0,r}\) where \(r\) is the number of points blown up). For \(X\) as above, the anticanonical class is of the form \(3[D_0]+2\sum_i [D_i]\) where \(D_0\) is the strict transform of the line containing the \(r\) marked points and the other \(D_i\) are the exceptional divisors corresponding to these points. The authors show how to endow the line bundles corresponding to the \(D_i\) (whose classes generate \(\text{Pic}(X)\)) with canonical adelic metrics to get an associated height pairing \(\text{Pic}^G(X)_{\mathbb C}\times {\mathbb G}^2_a({\mathbb A}_{\mathbb Q})\to{\mathbb C}^{\times}\) which is invariant under the action of \(\prod_p{\mathbb G}^2_a({\mathbb Z}_p)\) on \({\mathbb G}^2_a({\mathbb A}_{\mathbb Q})\) (all this works of course in a more general setting). This height pairing is analogous to the one that occurs in the theory for toric varieties developed by Batyrev and the second author. They then compute the height zeta function using Fourier theory on \({\mathbb G}^2_a({\mathbb A}_{\mathbb Q})\), whence the result follows by a Tauberian theorem. For Part II, see J. Number Theory 85, 172-188 (2000; Zbl 0963.11034) below.
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