Power-sum denominators

DOI10.4169/AMER.MATH.MONTHLY.124.8.695MaRDI QIDQ4575417zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jonathan Sondow, Bernd C. Kellner

Publication date 13 July 2018

Published in The American Mathematical Monthly (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03857

zbMATH Keywords

Bernoulli polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83)

Abstract: The power sum $1^n+2^n+cdots+x^n$ has been of interest to mathematicians since classical times. Johann Faulhaber, Jacob Bernoulli, and others who followed expressed power sums as polynomials in $x$ of degree $n+1$ with rational coefficients. Here we consider the denominators of these polynomials, and prove some of their properties. A remarkable one is that such a denominator equals $n+1$ times the squarefree product of certain primes $p$ obeying the condition that the sum of the base-$p$ digits of $n+1$ is at least $p$. As an application, we derive a squarefree product formula for the denominators of the Bernoulli polynomials.

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Cited in

(11)

• On powers of the denominators of rationals
• On primary Carmichael numbers
• On a product of certain primes
• The denominators of power sums of arithmetic progressions
• Distribution of the primes involving the ceiling function
• Proofs of McIntosh's conjecture on Franel integrals and two generalizations
• Denominators of Bernoulli polynomials
• Dirichlet series associated to sum-of-digits functions
• On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-\(p\) digits
• On the finiteness of Bernoulli polynomials whose derivative has only integral coefficients
• Computing solutions to the congruence \(1^n + 2^n + \ldots + n^n \equiv p \pmod n\)

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