Some variants of Lagrange's four squares theorem

DOI10.4064/AA170508-14-3zbMATH Open1410.11035arXiv1605.03074OpenAlexW2963144849WikidataQ129767510 ScholiaQ129767510MaRDI QIDQ4581944FDOQ4581944

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Publication date: 21 August 2018

Published in: Acta Arithmetica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Lagrange's four squares theorem is a classical theorem in number theory. Recently, Z.-W. Sun found that it can be further refined in various ways. In this paper we study some conjectures of Sun and obtain various refinements of Lagrange's theorem. We show that any nonnegative integer can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbZ)$ with $x+y+z+w$ (or $x+y+z+2w$, or $x+2y+3z+w$) a square (or a cube). Also, every $n=0,1,2,ldots$ can be represented by $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbZ)$ with $x+y+3z$ (or $x+2y+3z$) a square (or a cube), and each $n=0,1,2,ldots$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbZ)$ with $(10w+5x{)}^2+(12y+36z{)}^2$ (or $x^2{y}^2+9y^2{z}^2+9z^2{x}^2$) a square. We also provide an advance on the 1-3-5 conjecture of Sun. Our main results are proved by a new approach involving Euler's four-square identity

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03074

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zbMATH Keywords

representations of integersLagrange's four squares theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Waring's problem and variants (11P05) General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25) Representation problems (11D85) Additive number theory; partitions (11P99)

Cites Work

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Cited In (13)

• Discrete quantum computation and Lagrange's four-square theorem
• New parametrization of $A^2+B^2+C^2=3D^2$ and Lagrange's four-square theorem
• Extended Lagrange's four-square theorem
• Zhi-Wei Sun's 1-3-5 conjecture and variations
• Sums of integers and sums of their squares
• A structure theorem for the restricted sum of four squares
• On Euler's contributions to the four-squares theorem
• SUMS OF FOUR SQUARES WITH A CERTAIN RESTRICTION
• On the 1-3-5 conjecture and related topics
• Numbers represented by restricted sums of four squares
• Restricted sums of four squares
• Refinements of Lagrange’s Four-Square Theorem
• On Lagrange's four squares theorem with almost prime variables

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