Restricted sums of four squares

DOI10.1142/S1793042119501045zbMATH Open1451.11026arXiv1701.05868OpenAlexW2962998647WikidataQ127907180 ScholiaQ127907180MaRDI QIDQ5236483FDOQ5236483

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Publication date: 8 October 2019

Published in: International Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We refine Lagrange's four-square theorem in new ways by imposing some restrictions involving powers of two (including $1$). For example, we show that each $n=1,2,3,ldots$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbN=0,1,2,ldots)$ with $|x+y-z|in{4}^k:kinmathbbN$ (or $|2x-y|in{4}^k:kinmathbbN$, or $x+y-zinpm{8}^k:kinmathbbNcup0subseteq{t}^3:tinmathbbZ$), and that we can write any positive integer as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbZ)$ with $x+y+2z$ (or $x+2y+2z$) a power of four. We also prove that any $ninmathbbN$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+2w^2$ $(x,y,z,winmathbbZ)$ with $x+y+z+w$ a square (or a cube). In addition, we pose some open conjectures for further research; for example, we conjecture that any integer $n>1$ can be written as $a^2+b^2+3^c+5^d$ with $a,b,c,dinmathbbN$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.05868

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zbMATH Keywords

sums of squaresrepresentations of integerspowers of two

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25) Representation problems (11D85)

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Cited In (15)

• New conjectures on representations of integers. I.
• Report on Zhi-Wei Sun's 1-3-5 conjecture and some of its refinements
• Zhi-Wei Sun's 1-3-5 conjecture and variations
• Sums of integers and sums of their squares
• A structure theorem for the restricted sum of four squares
• Sums of four or fewer squares
• On the 1-3-5 conjecture and related topics
• Restricted partitions of positive integers
• Numbers represented by restricted sums of four squares
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Representing \(n\) as \(n=x+y+z\) with \(x^2+y^2+z^2\) a square
• Sums of four squares with a certain restriction
• Some variants of Lagrange's four squares theorem
• Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem
• Representation of a positive integer by a sum of large four squares

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