Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2016.11.008MaRDI QIDQ512242zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Zhi-Wei Sun

Publication date 24 February 2017

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.06723

zbMATH Keywords

Lagrange's four-square theoremPythagorean triplerepresentationternary quadratic form

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation problems (11D85) General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

Abstract: Lagrange's four-square theorem asserts that any $ninmathbbN=0,1,2,ldots$ can be written as the sum of four squares. This can be further refined in various ways. We show that any $ninmathbbN$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ with $x,y,z,winmathbbZ$ such that $x+y+z$ (or $x+2y$, $x+y+2z$) is a square (or a cube). We also prove that any $ninmathbbN$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ with $x,y,z,winmathbbN$ such that $P(x,y,z)$ is a square, whenever $P(x,y,z)$ is among the polynomials �egin{gather*} x, 2x, x-y, 2x-2y, a(x^2-y^2) (a=1,2,3), x^2-3y^2, 3x^2-2y^2, \x^2+ky^2 (k=2,3,5,6,8,12), (x+4y+4z)^2+(9x+3y+3z)^2, \x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2, x^4+8y^3z+8yz^3, x^4+16y^3z+64yz^3. end{gather*} We also pose some conjectures for further research; for example, our 1-3-5-Conjecture states that any $ninmathbbN$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ with $x,y,z,winmathbbN$ such that $x+3y+5z$ is a square.

Recommendations

• Some variants of Lagrange's four squares theorem
• Restricted sums of four squares
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Cites work

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Cited in

(20)

• On Euler's contributions to the four-squares theorem
• Extended Lagrange's four-square theorem
• Zhi-Wei Sun's 1-3-5 conjecture and variations
• Report on Zhi-Wei Sun's 1-3-5 conjecture and some of its refinements
• Discrete quantum computation and Lagrange's four-square theorem
• On the 1-3-5 conjecture and related topics
• Sums of integers and sums of their squares
• Everything you wanted to know about ax^2+by^2+cz^2+dt^2 but were afraid to ask
• Refinements of Lagrange’s Four-Square Theorem
• Some variants of Lagrange's four squares theorem
• New parametrization of A^2+B^2+C^2=3D^2 and Lagrange's four-square theorem
• New conjectures on representations of integers. I.
• Sums of four squares with a certain restriction
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7444244 (Why is no real title available?)
• Restricted sums of four squares
• Representing n as n=x+y+z with x^2+y^2+z^2 a square
• Siegel Eisenstein series of level two and its applications
• A structure theorem for the restricted sum of four squares
• Numbers represented by restricted sums of four squares
• Sums of four polygonal numbers: precise formulas

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