Some nodal properties of the quantum harmonic oscillator and other Schrödinger operators in ℝ²

DOI10.1090/CONM/700/14184zbMATH Open1391.35020arXiv1506.02374OpenAlexW4238266808MaRDI QIDQ4608451FDOQ4608451

Authors: Bernard Helffer, Pierre Bérard 

Publication date: 16 March 2018

Published in: Geometric and Computational Spectral Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: For the spherical Laplacian on the sphere and for the Dirichlet Laplacian in the square}, Antonie Stern claimed in her PhD thesis (1924) the existence of an infinite sequence of eigenvalues whose corresponding eigenspaces contain an eigenfunction with exactly two nodal domains. These results were given complete proofs respectively by Hans Lewy in 1977, and the authors in 2014 (see also Gauthier-Shalom--Przybytkowski, 2006). In this paper, we obtain similar results for the two dimensional isotropic quantum harmonic oscillator. In the opposite direction, we construct an infinite sequence of regular eigenfunctions with as many nodal domains as allowed by Courant's theorem, up to a factor $frac14$. A classical question for a $2$-dimensional bounded domain is to estimate the length of the nodal set of a Dirichlet eigenfunction in terms of the square root of the energy. In the last section, we consider some Schr{"o}dinger operators $-Delta+V$ in $mathbb{R}^2$ and we provide bounds for the length of the nodal set of an eigenfunction with energy $lambda$ in the classically permitted region $V(x)<lambda$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02374

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zbMATH Keywords

nodal domainsnodal linesCourant nodal theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05)

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Cited In (9)

• A. Stern's analysis of the nodal sets of some families of spherical harmonics revisited
• The spectrum of the Laplacian: A geometric approach
• Level spacings and nodal sets at infinity for radial perturbations of the harmonic oscillator
• On delusive nodal sets of free oscillations
• On exact Pleijel's constant for some domains
• A Pleijel-type theorem for the quantum harmonic oscillator
• Oscillation estimates of eigenfunctions via the combinatorics of noncrossing partitions
• A problem of Berry and knotted zeros in the eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator
• Scaling of harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions and their nodal sets around the caustic

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