Wang and Yau's quasi-local energy for an extreme Kerr spacetime

DOI10.1088/1361-6382/AAA625zbMATH Open1386.83054arXiv1708.07532OpenAlexW2782981538MaRDI QIDQ4638754FDOQ4638754

Authors: Shannon Ray, M.-T. Wang, Warner A. Miller, Shing-Tung Yau 

Publication date: 30 April 2018

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: There exist constant radial surfaces, $mathcalS$, that may not be globally embeddable in $mathbb{R}^3$ for Kerr spacetimes with $a>sqrt3M/2$. To compute the Brown and York (B-Y) quasi-local energy (QLE), one must isometrically embed $mathcalS$ into $mathbb{R}^3$. On the other hand, the Wang and Yau (W-Y) QLE embeds $mathcalS$ into Minkowski space. In this paper, we examine the W-Y QLE for surfaces that may or may not be globally embeddable in $mathbb{R}^3$. We show that their energy functional, $E[au]$, has a critical point at $au=0$ for all constant radial surfaces in $t=constant$ hypersurfaces using Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. For $au=0$, the W-Y QLE reduces to the B-Y QLE. To examine the W-Y QLE in these cases, we write the functional explicitly in terms of $au$ under the assumption that $au$ is only a function of $heta$. We then use a Fourier expansion of $auleft(hetaight)$ to explore the values of $E[auleft(hetaight)]$ in the space of coefficients. From our analysis, we discovered an open region of complex values for $E[auleft(hetaight)]$. We also study the physical properties of the smallest real value of $E[auleft(hetaight)]$, which lies on the boundary separating real and complex energies.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.07532

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zbMATH Keywords

black holeisometric embeddingquasi-local energyextreme KerrBrown and Yorkconstant radial surfaceWang and Yau

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Black holes (83C57)

Cites Work

• The gravitational Hamiltonian, action, entropy and surface terms
• The Weyl and Minkowski problems in differential geometry in the large
• Comment on: ``Positivity of quasilocal mass
• Isometric embeddings into the Minkowski space and new quasi-local mass
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Rigidity and minimizing properties of quasi-local mass
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Cited In (5)

• Chen-Nester-Tung quasi-local energy and Wang-Yau quasi-local mass
• The Kijowski-Liu-Yau quasi-local mass of the Kerr black hole horizon
• Black holes, complex curves, and graph theory: revising a conjecture by Kasner
• Energy in critical collapse
• Tetrad Fields, Reference Frames, and the Gravitational Energy–Momentum in the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity

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