Evaluating small sphere limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy

DOI10.1007/S00220-017-3033-4MaRDI QIDQ2413060zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Poning Chen, M.-T. Wang, Shing-Tung Yau

Publication date 6 April 2018

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.00904

zbMATH Keywords

Bel-Robinson tensorconservation lawsenergyGeneral Relativityoptimal isometric embeddingsmall sphere limitstress-energy tensorWang-Yau quasi-local energy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10) Non-Euclidean differential geometry (53A35) Applications of local differential geometry to the sciences (53B50) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)

Abstract: In this article, we study the small sphere limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy defined in [18,19]. Given a point $p$ in a spacetime $N$, we consider a canonical family of surfaces approaching $p$ along its future null cone and evaluate the limit of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy. The evaluation relies on solving an "optimal embedding equation" whose solutions represent critical points of the quasi-local energy. For a spacetime with matter fields, the scenario is similar to that of the large sphere limit found in [7]. Namely, there is a natural solution which is a local minimum, and the limit of its quasi-local energy recovers the stress-energy tensor at $p$. For a vacuum spacetime, the quasi-local energy vanishes to higher order and the solution of the optimal embedding equation is more complicated. Nevertheless, we are able to show that there exists a solution which is a local minimum and that the limit of its quasi-local energy is related to the Bel-Robinson tensor. Together with earlier work [7], this completes the consistency verification of the Wang-Yau quasi-local energy with all classical limits.

Review text

The authors of the article develop and use the small sphere limit approach of the Wang-Yau quasilocal energy defined by these authors in a series of papers [\textit{M.-T. Wang} and \textit{S.-T. Yau}, ibid. 288, No. 3, 919--942 (2009; Zbl 1195.53039)]. The authors develop a method to find the critical points of the quasilocal energy. The authors' method is quite similar to Chen's method (2011), which is based on a large sphere contracting procedure. In this case, a natural solution coincideS with the minimum of the quasi-local energy. This method was applied in space-times with matter. For a vacuum space-time the quasilocal energy vanishes to high order, and the solution of the so called optimal embedding equation is more complicated. Nevertheless, the authors after a straightforward computation, show that the solution in this case correspondS to a local minimum, which is related to the Bel-Robinson tensor. The authors' work, together with an earlier work by the first author et al. [ibid. 308, No. 3, 845--863 (2011; Zbl 1269.83024)], completes the proof of the consistency of the Wang-Yau quasilocal energy with all classical approaches.

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Cited in

(16)

• Evolution of angular momentum and center of mass at null infinity
• Minimizing properties of critical points of quasi-local energy
• Chen-Nester-Tung quasi-local energy and Wang-Yau quasi-local mass
• On second variation of Wang-Yau quasi-local energy
• On the energy of gravitational waves
• Quasi-local mass on unit spheres at spatial infinity
• Some estimates of Wang-Yau quasilocal energy
• Wang and Yau's quasi-local energy for an extreme Kerr spacetime
• Local foliations by critical surfaces of the Hawking energy and small sphere limit
• The small sphere limit of quasilocal energy in higher dimensions along lightcone cuts
• Quasi-local mass at axially symmetric null infinity
• Critical points of Wang-Yau quasi-local energy
• Local space time constant mean curvature and constant expansion foliations
• Global exterior stability of the Minkowski space: coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills perturbations
• Evaluating quasilocal energy and solving optimal embedding equation at null infinity
• Strong field behavior of Wang-Yau quasi-local energy

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