Absolute continuity of the rotation number for quasi-periodic co-cycles in SL(2, R)
Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Algebraic ergodic theory, cocycles, orbit equivalence, ergodic equivalence relations (37A20) Rotation numbers and vectors (37E45) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40)
The author considers the cocycle \[ x_{n+1}= A(E,\theta+\omega)x_n = (A(E)+F(E,\theta+n\omega))x_n, \] where \(x_n\in \mathbb{R}^2\), \(n\in \mathbb{Z}\), \(E\in \mathbb{R}\), \(A(E), A(E,\theta+\omega)\in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\), \(A(E,\theta+\omega)\) is homotopic to the identity and \(\theta \in \mathbb{T}^d\), the \(d\)-dimensional torus. For any \(E\), \(F(E,\cdot)\) is assumed to be analytic on \(\mathbb{T}^d\), and both \(A\) and \(F\) are assumed to be of class \(C^2\). The frequency vector \(\omega \in \mathbb{R}^d\) is assumed to be Diophantine, that is, there exist \(\tau>0\) and \(K >0\) such that for all \(n\in \mathbb{T}^d \setminus \{0\}\) \[ \inf_{j\in \mathbb{Z}} \big|\frac{1}{2}\langle n, \omega \rangle-j \pi\big| \geq K |n|^{-\tau}. \] For this type of cocycle, the rotation number is well defined. Here, it is proven that, under smallness conditions on \(F\), the rotation number is absolutely continuous. The proof relies on the KAM scheme developed in [the author, Commun. Math. Phys. 287, No. 2, 565--588 (2009; Zbl 1201.37066)].
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