A kinetic energy reduction technique and characterizations of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

DOI10.3934/DCDSB.2014.19.1119MaRDI QIDQ478244zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Liren Lin, I-Liang Chern

Publication date 3 December 2014

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0832

zbMATH Keywords

nonlinear systemground statesingle-mode approximationmass redistributionspin-1 BEC

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Statistical mechanics of magnetic materials (82D40)

Abstract: We justify some characterizations of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates exhibited from numerical simulations. For ferromagnetic systems, we show the validity of the single-mode approximation (SMA). For an antiferromagnetic system with nonzero magnetization, we prove the vanishing of the $m_F=0$ component. In the end of the paper some remaining degenerate situations are also discussed. The proofs of the main results are all based on a simple observation, that a redistribution of masses among different components will reduce the kinetic energy.

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Cites work

• Computing Ground States of Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates by the Normalized Gradient Flow
• Density of smooth functions between two manifolds in Sobolev spaces
• Exploring ground states and excited states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates by continuation methods
• Ground states of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with an internal atomic Josephson junction.
• Lifting in Sobolev spaces
• On ground state of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
• Structure of a quantized vortex in boson systems

Cited in

(6)

• Newton-based alternating methods for the ground state of a class of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates
• A complete study of the ground state phase diagrams of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in a magnetic field via continuation methods
• Normalized gradient flow with Lagrange multiplier for computing ground states of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Mathematical models and numerical methods for spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.
• Few-body Bose gases in low dimensions -- a laboratory for quantum dynamics
• Ground-state patterns and phase diagram of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in uniform magnetic field

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