A geometric introduction to the two-loop renormalization group flow

DOI10.1007/S11784-014-0162-7zbMATH Open1304.35002arXiv1312.6049OpenAlexW2056636747MaRDI QIDQ480900FDOQ480900

Authors: Karsten Gimre, Christine Guenther, James Isenberg 

Publication date: 12 December 2014

Published in: Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Ricci flow has been of fundamental importance in mathematics, most famously though its use as a tool for proving the Poincar'e Conjecture and Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture. It has a parallel life in physics, arising as the first order approximation of the Renormalization Group flow for the nonlinear sigma model of quantum field theory. There recently has been interest in the second order approximation of this flow, called the RG-2 flow, which mathematically appears as a natural nonlinear deformation of the Ricci flow. A curvature flow arising from quantum field theory seems to us to capture the spirit of Yvonne Choquet Bruhat's extensive work in mathematical physics, and so in this commemorative article we give a geometric introduction to the RG-2 flow. A number of new results are presented as part of this narrative: short-time existence and uniqueness results in all dimensions if the sectional curvatures $K_{ij}$ satisfy certain inequalities; the calculation of fixed points for $n=3$ dimensions; a reformulation of constant curvature solutions in terms of the Lambert W function; a classification of the solutions that evolve only by homothety; an analog for RG-flow of the 2-dimensional Ricci flow solution known to mathematicians as the cigar soliton, and discussed in the physics literature as Witten's black hole. We conclude with a list of Open Problems whose resolutions would substantially increase our understanding of the RG-2 flow both physically and mathematically.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6049

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zbMATH Keywords

second-order approximationgeometric flowsconstant curvature solutionsRG-2 flowshort-time existence and uniquenessWitten's black hole

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Renormalization group methods applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T17) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to partial differential equations (35-02) Applications of global analysis to the sciences (58Z05)

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Cited In (29)

• Caristi-type fixed point theorems and some generalizations on \(M\)-metric space
• Short-time existence of the second order renormalization group flow in dimension three
• Second-order renormalization group flow of three-dimensional homogeneous geometries
• A geometric introduction to the two-loop renormalization group flow
• Singularities of renormalization group flows
• Short-time existence for the second order renormalization group flow in general dimensions
• Second order renormalization group flow
• Renormalization group and the Ricci flow
• Some Caristi-type fixed point theorems
• Two-loop renormalization group flow for Lorentzian manifolds
• The cigar soliton and the Ricci flows perturbation solutions in the two-dimensional string \(\sigma\) model
• Fixed points and steady solitons for the two-loop renormalization group flow
• Evolution of the Robertson-Walker metric under 2-loop renormalization group flow
• On algebraic solitons for geometric evolution equations on three-dimensional Lie groups
• Conformally Einstein Lorentzian Lie groups with Heisenberg symmetry
• Towards physically motivated proofs of the Poincaré and geometrization conjectures
• The Heterotic-Ricci flow and its three-dimensional solitons
• Geometric flows and (some of) their physical applications
• Scaling and entropy for the RG-2 flow
• The second-order renormalization group flow for nonlinear sigma models in two dimensions
• Fixed point theorems for generalized almost contractions in partial metric spaces
• Soliton metrics for two-loop renormalization group flow on 3D unimodular Lie groups
• The normalized second order renormalization group flow on closed surfaces
• Structure of locally conformally flat manifolds satisfying some weakly-Einstein conditions
• The renormalization flow, spaces of two-dimensional field theories, and Connes' geometry
• On higher order geometric and renormalization group flows
• The quantum non-linear \(\sigma\)-model RG flow and integrability in wormhole geometries
• Four-dimensional homogeneous generalizations of Einstein metrics
• RG-2 flow, mass and entropy

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