Topology of event horizons and topological censorship

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/12/4/012MaRDI QIDQ4834976zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ted Jacobson, Shankar C. Venkataramani

Publication date 4 December 1995

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9410023

zbMATH Keywords

3-manifoldsasymptotically flat spacetimesaveraged null conditionCauchy hypersurfacehomology groupprojective plane

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global differential geometry of Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics (53C50) Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Black holes (83C57) Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. (83C75)

Abstract: We prove that, under certain conditions, the topology of the event horizon of a four dimensional asymptotically flat black hole spacetime must be a 2-sphere. No stationarity assumption is made. However, in order for the theorem to apply, the horizon topology must be unchanging for long enough to admit a certain kind of cross section. We expect this condition is generically satisfied if the topology is unchanging for much longer than the light-crossing time of the black hole. More precisely, let $M$ be a four dimensional asymptotically flat spacetime satisfying the averaged null energy condition, and suppose that the domain of outer communication $C_K$ to the future of a cut $K$ of $Sm$ is globally hyperbolic. Suppose further that a Cauchy surface $Sigma$ for $C_K$ is a topological 3-manifold with compact boundary $partialS$ in $M$, and $S^{\prime }$ is a compact submanifold of $$ with spherical boundary in $S$ (and possibly other boundary components in $M/S$). Then we prove that the homology group $H_1(Sigm{a}^{\prime },Z)$ must be finite. This implies that either $partial{S}^{\prime }$ consists of a disjoint union of 2-spheres, or $S^{\prime }$ is nonorientable and $partial{S}^{\prime }$ contains a projective plane. Further, $partialS=partialIp[K]cappartialIm[Sp]$, and $partialSigma$ will be a cross section of the horizon as long as no generator of $partialIp[K]$ becomes a generator of $partialIm[Sp]$. In this case, if $S$ is orientable, the horizon cross section must consist of a disjoint union of 2-spheres.}

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Cited in

(24)

• Existence of outermost apparent horizons with product of spheres topology
• Stationary black holes: Uniqueness and beyond
• Logarithmic local energy decay for scalar waves on a general class of asymptotically flat spacetimes
• Transplanckian censorship and global cosmic strings
• Stationary black holes: uniqueness and beyond
• Nonlinear charged black holes in AdS quasi-topological gravity
• Topological classification of black holes: generic Maxwell set and crease set of a horizon
• Exact solutions with noncommutative symmetries in Einstein and gauge gravity
• Ricci flat black holes and Hawking-page phase transition in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and dilaton gravity
• Black hole topology in \({f(R)}\) gravity
• Limit structure of future null infinity tangent—topology of the event horizon and gravitational wave tail
• ``Topological censorship is not proven
• An R ⁴ spacetime with a Cauchy surface which is not R ³
• Solution-generating methods of Einstein's equations by Hamiltonian reduction
• On the topology of the domain of outer communication
• Topological censorship and the topology of black holes
• Some results on cosmological and astrophysical horizons and trapped surfaces
• Black holes in higher dimensions
• Topological censorship for Kaluza-Klein space-times
• Instability of marginally outer trapped surfaces from initial data set symmetry
• Regularity and temperature of stationary black hole event horizons
• No-hair and almost-no-hair results for static axisymmetric black holes and ultracompact objects in astrophysical environments
• Holographic confinement/deconfinement phase transitions of AdS/QCD in curved spaces
• Thermal instability and thermodynamic geometry of topological Dilaton black holes coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics

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