Algebraic aspects of Abelian sandpile models

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/28/4/009zbMATH Open0848.68062arXivcond-mat/9408022OpenAlexW3101379151MaRDI QIDQ4889286FDOQ4889286

Deepak Dhar, Daya-Nand Verma, Siddhartha Sen, Philippe Ruelle

Publication date: 8 October 1996

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The abelian sandpile models feature a finite abelian group $G$ generated by the operators corresponding to particle addition at various sites. We study the canonical decomposition of $G$ as a product of cyclic groups $G=Z_{d_1}imes{Z}_{d_2}imes{Z}_{d_3}>\mathrm{...}imes{Z}_{d_g}$ where $g$ is the least number of generators of $G$, and $d_i$ is a multiple of $d_{i+1}$. The structure of $G$ is determined in terms of the toppling matrix $Delta$. We construct scalar functions, linear in height variables of the pile, that are invariant under toppling at any site. These invariants provide convenient coordinates to label the recurrent configurations of the sandpile. For an $LimesL$ square lattice, we show that $g=L$. In this case, we observe that the system has nontrivial symmetries, transcending the obvious symmetries of the square, viz. those coming from the action of the cyclotomic Galois group Gal${}_L$ of the $2(L+1)$--th roots of unity (which operates on the set of eigenvalues of $Delta$). We use Gal${}_L$ to define other simpler, though under-complete, sets of toppling invariants.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9408022

zbMATH Keywords

Abelian sandpile models

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Formal languages and automata (68Q45) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30)

Cited In (59)

• Abelian Sandpiles on Cylinders
• Cyclic coverings of graphs. Counting rooted spanning forests and trees, Kirchhoff index, and Jacobians
• Convergence of a sandpile model on a triangular lattice
• The Jacobian of a graph and graph automorphisms
• On the structure of the critical group of a circulant graph with non-constant jumps
• Addition of Recurrent Configurations in Chip Firing Games: Finding Minimal Recurrent Configurations with Markov Chains
• The critical group of a clique-inserted graph
• Compatible recurrent identities of the sandpile group and maximal stable configurations
• On the sandpile group of \(P_{4}\times C_n\)
• On computation of Baker and Norine's rank on complete graphs
• On Jacobian group and complexity of the generalized Petersen graph \(\mathrm{GP}(n,k)\) through Chebyshev polynomials
• Abelian sandpile model on the Husimi lattice of square plaquettes
• Random Walks, Electric Networks and The Transience Class problem of Sandpiles
• Dynamic graph models and their properties
• Sandpiles on the square lattice
• Sandpile models
• The spectrum of the abelian sandpile model
• On the critical group of the \(n\)-cube
• Sandpile group on the graph \(\mathcal D_n\) of the dihedral group
• On the sandpile group of Eulerian series-parallel graphs
• The critical group of a threshold graph
• Polynomial ideals for sandpiles and their Gröbner bases
• On the sandpile group of regular trees
• The sand-pile model and Tutte polynomials
• Sandpile monomorphisms and limits
• On the sandpile group of dual graphs
• From sandpiles to sand automata
• Sandpile models and lattices: a comprehensive survey
• On the sandpile group of the graph \(K_{3}\times C_n\)
• Classes of lattices induced by chip firing (and sandpile) dynamics.
• Structure of some sand piles model
• The load transfer model
• Cleaning a network with brushes
• On Jacobian group and complexity of I-graph I(n, k, l) through Chebyshev polynomials
• On graph parameters guaranteeing fast sandpile diffusion
• On the identity of the sandpile group
• Asymmetric Abelian sandpile models
• On the Addition of Recurrent Configurations of the Sandpile-Model
• Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions via the chip-firing game
• Exact results for the directed Abelian sandpile models
• On the structure of the Jacobian group for circulant graphs
• On the sandpile group of \(3\times n\) twisted bracelets
• The chip-firing game
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• Abelian sandpiles and the harmonic model
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• Fixed-point forms of the parallel symmetric sandpile model
• Elimination schemes and lattices
• ON THE SANDPILE GROUP OF A FAMILY OF GRAPHS
• Course 14 Mathematical aspects of the Abelian Sandpile model
• Mixing time and eigenvalues of the abelian sandpile Markov chain
• Generalized Abelian sandpile model
• Bijections between multiparking functions, Dirichlet configurations, and descending \(R\)-traversals
• Degeneration of Linear Series from the Tropical Point of View and Applications
• Algebraic approach to directed stochastic avalanches
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