Oracle inequalities and minimax rates for nonlocal means and related adaptive kernel-based methods

DOI10.1137/110859403MaRDI QIDQ4902149zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ery Arias-Castro, Joseph Salmon, Rebecca Willett

Publication date 25 January 2013

Published in SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.4434

zbMATH Keywords

kernel smoothingnonlocal meanslocal polynomial regressionpatch-based methodsminimax boundstexturesoracle boundscartoon modelYaroslavsky's filter

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonparametric regression and quantile regression (62G08) Asymptotic properties of nonparametric inference (62G20) Estimation in multivariate analysis (62H12) Image analysis in multivariate analysis (62H35)

Abstract: This paper describes a novel theoretical characterization of the performance of non-local means (NLM) for noise removal. NLM has proven effective in a variety of empirical studies, but little is understood fundamentally about how it performs relative to classical methods based on wavelets or how various parameters (e.g., patch size) should be chosen. For cartoon images and images which may contain thin features and regular textures, the error decay rates of NLM are derived and compared with those of linear filtering, oracle estimators, variable-bandwidth kernel methods, Yaroslavsky's filter and wavelet thresholding estimators. The trade-off between global and local search for matching patches is examined, and the bias reduction associated with the local polynomial regression version of NLM is analyzed. The theoretical results are validated via simulations for 2D images corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise.

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