On the use of multipole expansion in time evolution of nonlinear dynamical systems and some surprises related to superradiance

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/30/1/015010zbMATH Open1261.83012arXiv1207.5837OpenAlexW1987187805MaRDI QIDQ4911280FDOQ4911280

Authors: Péter Csizmadia, András László, István Rácz

Publication date: 14 March 2013

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A new numerical method is introduced to study the problem of time evolution of generic non-linear dynamical systems in four-dimensional spacetimes. It is assumed that the time level surfaces are foliated by a one-parameter family of codimension two compact surfaces with no boundary and which are conformal to a Riemannian manifold C. The method is based on the use of a multipole expansion determined uniquely by the induced metric structure on C. The approach is fully spectral in the angular directions. The dynamics in the complementary 1+1 Lorentzian spacetime is followed by making use of a fourth order finite differencing scheme with adaptive mesh refinement. In checking the reliability of the introduced new method the evolution of a massless scalar field on a fixed Kerr spacetime is investigated. In particular, the angular distribution of the evolving field in to be superradiant scattering is studied. The primary aim was to check the validity of some of the recent arguments claiming that the Penrose process, or its field theoretical correspondence---superradiance---does play crucial role in jet formation in black hole spacetimes while matter accretes onto the central object. Our findings appear to be on contrary to these claims as the angular dependence of a to be superradiant scattering of a massless scalar field does not show any preference of the axis of rotation. In addition, the process of superradiance, in case of a massless scalar field, was also investigated. On contrary to the general expectations no energy extraction from black hole was found even though the incident wave packets was fine tuned to be maximally superradiant. Instead of energy extraction the to be superradiant part of the incident wave packet fails to reach the ergoregion rather it suffers a total reflection which appears to be a new phenomenon.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.5837

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zbMATH Keywords

adaptive mesh refinement time evolution Kerr spacetime multipole expansion superradiance Penrose process time level surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact solutions to problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C15) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Dynamical systems in other branches of physics (quantum mechanics, general relativity, laser physics) (37N20) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80) Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08)

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