Sign Changes of the Liouville Function on Quadratics

DOI10.4153/CMB-2011-166-9MaRDI QIDQ4921863zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Himadri Ganguli, Peter Borwein, Stephen Choi

Publication date 28 May 2013

Published in Canadian Mathematical Bulletin (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3107

zbMATH Keywords

binary sequenceschanges sign infinitely oftenChowla's conjectureLiouville functionPell equationprime number theoremquadratic polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Quadratic and bilinear Diophantine equations (11D09) Distribution functions associated with additive and positive multiplicative functions (11N60)

Abstract: Let $lambda(n)$ denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla conjectured that vspace{1mm}

oindent {�f Conjecture (Chowla).} {em �egin{equation} label{a.1} sum_{nle x} lambda (f(n)) =o(x) end{equation} for any polynomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients which is not of form $bg(x{)}^2$. } vspace{1mm} oindent The prime number theorem is equivalent to eqref{a.1} when $f(x)=x$. Chowla's conjecture is proved for linear functions but for the degree greater than 1, the conjecture seems to be extremely hard and still remains wide open. One can consider a weaker form of Chowla's conjecture, namely, vspace{1mm}

oindent {�f Conjecture 1 (Cassaigne, et al).} {em If $$ and is not in the form of $b{g}^2(x)$ for some $$, then $lambda(f(n))$ changes sign infinitely often.} Clearly, Chowla's conjecture implies Conjecture 1. Although it is weaker, Conjecture 1 is still wide open for polynomials of degree $>1$. In this article, we study Conjecture 1 for the quadratic polynomials. One of our main theorems is {�f Theorem 1.} {em Let $f(x)=a{x}^2+bx+c$ with $a>0$ and $l$ be a positive integer such that $al$ is not a perfect square. Then if the equation $f(n)=l{m}^2$ has one solution $$, then it has infinitely many positive solutions $(n,m)in{N}^2$.} As a direct consequence of Theorem 1, we prove some partial results of Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials are also proved by using Theorem 1.

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Cited in

(10)

• Positivity of quadratic base change L-functions.
• Sign changes of the Liouville function on some irreducible quadratic polynomials
• On the equation f(g(x))=f(x)h^m(x) for composite polynomials
• On the Liouville function on rational polynomial values
• A classification of $\mathbb{Q}$-valued linear functionals on $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}^{\times }$ modulo units
• Infinitely many sign changes of the Liouville function on 𝑋²+𝐷
• On the random Chowla conjecture
• On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
• Infinite number of changes of sign for a difference of two number-theoretic functions
• On totally multiplicative signatures of natural numbers

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