scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1390446

Publication date 17 January 2000

\(n\)-connected region Dulac function limit cycle two-dimensional system

Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and analytic vector fields (existence, uniqueness, bounds, Hilbert's 16th problem and ramifications) for ordinary differential equations (34C07)

Review text

Consider the system: \[ \dot x= H_y'+ f(x,y),\quad \dot y= -H_x'+ g(x,y),\tag{1} \] with \(H(x,y)\in C^2\), \(f,g\in C^1\). Let \(D= \{(x,y)\mid h_1< H(x,y)< h_2\}\), assume \(H= h_2\) is a simple closed curve, it is the outer boundary of \(D\); and \(H= h_1\) consists of \(n-1\) \((n\geq 2)\) simple closed curves, they are the inner boundaries of \(D\). Let \[ F(x,y)= (H- h_0)(f_x'+ g_y')- \alpha(f\cdot H_x'+ g\cdot H_y'), \] where \(\alpha,h_0\leq h_1\) are real numbers. By using a Dulac function \(B= 1/(H- h_0)^\alpha\), the authors prove the theorem: Assume there exist \(\alpha>0\), \(h_0\leq h_1\), such that \(F(x,y)\) is of constant sign on \(D\), and is not identically zero on any open set in \(D\). Then (1) has at most \(n-1\) limit cycles and separatrix cycles in \(D\). Especially, (1) has at most one limit cycle surrounding all the critical points in \(D\). A similar theorem is proved for the system: \[ \dot x= y|y|^\gamma,\quad \dot y=-g(x)- f(x,y)y|y|^\alpha,\quad \gamma>-1,\;\alpha>-1.\tag{2} \] Two interesting examples are given as follows: \[ \dot x= y(y^2- 1)- \lambda x(x^2+ y^2- a),\quad \dot y=-x(x^2-1)- \lambda y(x^2+ y^2-a),\quad a,\lambda>0,\tag{3} \] \[ \dot x= y,\quad \dot y= -(\textstyle{{1\over 4}} x^4-{1\over 2} x^2+\lambda)y- x(x^2- 1).\tag{4} \] {}.

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