scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1409999
Let \(E\) be a real Banach space, let \(\varphi:E\mapsto{\mathbb{R}}\) be a linear continuous functional with kernel \(E_1\) of codimension 1, and let \(T=\{t_j\}_{j=1,2,\ldots}\) be a strictly increasing sequence of positive real numbers, \(\lim_{j\to\infty}t_j=+\infty\). Put \(E_i=\{x\in E:(-1)^{i}\varphi(x)>0\}\), \(i=2,3\). The author deals with impulsive equations in \(E\) of the form \[ \ddot x+f(t,x)=0,\quad t\in {\mathbb{R}}_+\setminus T; \qquad \dot x(t+0)-\dot x(t-0)+g(t,x(t-0))=0,\quad t\in T. \] Here, \(f(t,x)= \sum_{k=1}^{n}p_k(t)f_k(x)\), \(g(t,x)=\sum_{l=1}^{m}q_l(t)g_l(x)\), \(p_k(t)\), \(q_l(t)\in C({\mathbb{R}}_+;{\mathbb{R}})\), and the functions \(f_k(x),g_k(x)\in C(E;E)\) have the property \(f_kE_i\subset E_i\), \(g_lE_i\subset E_i\), \(i=1,2,3\). The author establishes sufficient conditions under which every solution \(x(t)\) with the initial data \(t_0\in {\mathbb{R}}_+\setminus T\), \((x(t_0),\dot x(t_0))\in(E\times E)\setminus(E_1\times E_1)\) is oscillating relative to \(E_1\). These conditions include the following ones: A) \(\inf_{s\geq t\geq 0} \varphi(f_k(z(s)))[\varphi(f_k(z(t)))]^{-1}>0\) (a similar requirement is imposed on \(g_l(x)\)), and the improper integrals \(\int_{0}^{\infty }[\varphi(f_k(z(t)))]^{-1} d\varphi (z(t))\), \(k=1,\ldots ,n\) as well as the series \[ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty }[\varphi (z(t_n))-\varphi(z(t_{n-1}))]/\varphi(g_l(z(t_n))),\qquad l=1,\ldots,m, \] are convergent for any function \(z(t)\in C({\mathbb{R}}_+;E\setminus E_1)\) differentiable on \({\mathbb{R}}_+\setminus T\) and such that \(|\varphi (z(t))|\) is a monotone nondecreasing function on \({\mathbb{R}}_+\); B) \(\int_{0}^{\infty}t \sum_{k=1}^{n}p_k(t) dt+ \sum_{t\in T}t \sum_{l=1}^{m}q_l(t)=+\infty\). It is also shown that if A) holds and any \(x(t)\) is oscillating relative to \(E_1\), then the condition B) is fulfilled.
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