scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1446857

Authors

Publication date 15 May 2000

Published in Pratsi Instytutu Matematyky Natsional'noï Akademiï Nauk Ukraïny. Matematyka ta ïï Zastosuvannya (Search for Journal in Brave)

zbMATH Keywords

averaging boundary value problem bounded exponentially dichotomic solution discrete dynamical system integral manifold multi-frequency system oscillating integral quasiperiodic motion resonance

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to ordinary differential equations (34-02) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for ordinary differential equations (34C15) Averaging method for ordinary differential equations (34C29) Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Periodic and quasi-periodic flows and diffeomorphisms (37C55)

Review text

This monograph deals with multi-frequency systems of the form \[ dx/d\tau =a(x,\varphi,\tau,\varepsilon),\quad d\varphi /d\tau =\omega(x,\tau)/\varepsilon +b(x,\varphi,\tau,\varepsilon), \tag{1} \] with \(x\in \mathbb{R}^n, \varphi \in T^m=\mathbb{R}^m/2\pi \mathbb{Z}^m, \tau \in \mathbb{R},\) and \(\varepsilon >0\) is a small parameter. The functions \(a:\mathbb{R}^n\times T^m\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}_+ \mapsto \mathbb{R}^n\), \(b:\mathbb{R}^n\times T^m\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}_+ \mapsto \mathbb{R}^n\), and \(\omega :\mathbb{R}^n\times \mathbb{R}\) are supposed to be sufficiently smooth. One of the main problems in the investigation of such systems is connected with resonance phenomena which may occur when the integral curve approaches the surfaces described by equations of the form \(\langle \omega(x,\tau),{\mathbf k}\rangle=0,\) with \({\mathbf k}\in \mathbb{Z}^m\) and \(\langle \cdot{,}\cdot \rangle \) is the standard scalar product in the coordinate space \(\mathbb{R}^m\). In the first chapter some properties of the oscillating integrals \[ I(\tau,\varepsilon)=\int_{0}^{\tau }f(t)\exp\left\{i\varepsilon^{-1}\int_{0}^{t}a(z) dz\right\} dt,\quad \tau \in [0,L], \] are studied. The uniform estimates obtained for \(I(\tau,\varepsilon)\) are essentially used when the authors substantiate the averaging method for (1). In the averaged system corresponding to (1) the functions \(a\) and \(b\) are replaced by their mean values with respect to variables \(\varphi \in T^m\). A number of nontrivial estimates for the difference between solutions to system (1) and the averaged system are obtained. In the second chapter the authors study a multipoint boundary value problem for system (1). The cases are considered where \(\omega(x,\tau)=\omega(\tau)\) (*) or \(a(x,\varphi,\tau,\varepsilon)=a_0(x,\varphi,\varepsilon)+\varepsilon A(x,\varphi,\tau,\varepsilon)\). Sufficient conditions under which the multipoint boundary value problem has a solution involve the requirement that the corresponding averaged problem is soluble. Estimates for the error of the averaging method for such kind of problems are established. The third chapter deals with system (1) in the case (*). Let \[ d\overline x/d\tau =\overline a(\overline x,\tau)\tag{2} \] be the system of the first approximation formed by \(x\)-components of the averaged one for \(\varepsilon =0\). It is assumed that (2) has a bounded exponentially dichotomic solution \(\overline x=\overline x(\tau)\), \(\tau \in \mathbb{R}\). Under certain additional assumptions it is shown that for sufficiently small \(\varepsilon >0\) in some \(O(\varepsilon^{1/p})\)-neighborhood of the curve \(x=\overline x(\tau), \tau \in \mathbb{R}\) (\(p\geq m\) is a natural number) system (1) possesses an integral manifold described by the equation \(x=X(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)\), the function \(X(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)\) being continuously differentiable with respect to \(\psi,\tau \). The existence of higher derivatives for this function is also examined. A result is obtained on the representation of the function \(X(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)\) in the form \[ X=\sum_{j=0}^{r-1}u_j(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)+v(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon), \] with \(u_j(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)=O(\varepsilon ^{j/p}), v(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon)=O(\varepsilon ^{r/p})\). Next, it is shown that if the integral manifold is asymptotically stable then in its small neighborhood there exists a diffeomorphism which reduces system (1) to the partially decomposed form \[ dy/d\tau =Y(y,\psi,\tau,\varepsilon),\quad d\psi /dt=\omega(\tau)/\varepsilon +\hat b(\psi,\tau,\varepsilon). \] In the last chapter the authors study the behavior of the dynamical system \(\dot x=X(x)\) in a neighborhood of its \(m\)-dimensional invariant toroidal manifold \(M\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) which carries the quasiperiodic motions. The main tool of the investigation is based on introducing the local coordinates \((h,\varphi|\bmod 2\pi)\) of the direct product \(\mathbb{R}^{n-m}\times T^m\). In the case where \(M\) is asymptotically stable these coordinates can be constructed in a way such that the system takes the form \(\dot\varphi=\lambda, \dot x=P(\varphi,x),\) with \(\lambda\equiv\text{const}\in\mathbb{R}^m, P(\varphi,0)=0\). It is shown that any motion which starts in a sufficiently small neighborhood of \(M\) approaches an appropriate quasiperiodic motion on \(M\) as \(t\to \infty \). Next, the authors discuss the structural stability of the system near \(M\). Finally, analogous problems for discrete dynamical systems possessing a quasiperiodic trajectory are studied.

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