On the uniqueness theorem of Holmgren

DOI10.1007/S00209-015-1488-6zbMATH Open1329.35009arXiv1312.4348OpenAlexW2143758652WikidataQ59288358 ScholiaQ59288358MaRDI QIDQ495587FDOQ495587

Authors: Håkan Hedenmalm 

Publication date: 14 September 2015

Published in: Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We rereview the classical Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem and the related uniqueness theorem of Holmgren, in the simple setting of powers of the Laplacian and a smooth curve segment in the plane. As a local problem, the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya and Holmgren theorems supply a complete answer to the existence and uniqueness issues. Here, we consider a global uniqueness problem of Holmgren's type. Perhaps surprisingly, we obtain a connection with the theory of quadrature identities, which demonstrates that rather subtle algebraic properties of the curve come into play. For instance, if $Omega$ is the interior domain of an ellipse, and $I$ is a proper arc of the ellipse $partialOmega$, then there exists a nontrivial biharmonic function $u$ in $Omega$ which vanishes to degree three on $I$ (i.e., all partial derivatives of $u$ of order $le2$ vanish on $I$) if and only if the ellipse is a circle. Finally, we consider a three-dimensional case, and analyze it partially using analogues of the square of the 2X2 Cauchy-Riemann operator.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4348

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zbMATH Keywords

Cauchy problemDirichlet problemHolmgren's uniqueness theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorems (35A10)

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