Weighted integrability of polyharmonic functions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2014.07.020MaRDI QIDQ400991zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Alexander Borichev, Håkan Hedenmalm

Publication date 26 August 2014

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.5088

zbMATH Keywords

boundary behaviouruniqueness theorem\(N\)-harmonic functionscellular decompositionweighted integrability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Biharmonic, polyharmonic functions and equations, Poisson's equation in two dimensions (31A30)

Abstract: To address the uniqueness issues associated with the Dirichlet problem for the $N$-harmonic equation on the unit disk $D$ in the plane, we investigate the $L^p$ integrability of $N$-harmonic functions with respect to the standard weights $(1-|z{|}^2{)}^{alpha}$. The question at hand is the following. If $u$ solves $Delt{a}^{N}u=0$ in $D$, where $Delta$ stands for the Laplacian, and [int_D|u(z)|^p (1-|z|^2)^{alpha}diff A(z)<+infty,] must then $u(z)equiv0$? Here, $N$ is a positive integer, $alpha$ is real, and $0<p<+infty$; $diffA$ is the usual area element. The answer will, generally speaking, depend on the triple $(N,p,alpha)$. The most interesting case is $0<p<1$. For a given $N$, we find an explicit critical curve $$ -- a piecewise affine function -- such that for $$ there exist non-trivial functions $u$ with $Delt{a}^{N}u=0$ of the given integrability, while for $$, only $u(z)equiv0$ is possible. We also investigate the obstruction to uniqueness for the Dirichlet problem, that is, we study the structure of the functions in $mathrm{PH}_{N,alpha}^p(D)$ when this space is nontrivial. We find a fascinating structural decomposition of the polyharmonic functions -- the cellular (Almansi) expansion -- which decomposes the polyharmonic weighted $L^p$ in a canonical fashion. Corresponding to the cellular expansion is a tiling of part of the $(p,alpha)$ plane into cells. A particularly interesting collection of cells form the entangled region.

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