Complex rotation numbers

Abstract: We investigate the notion of complex rotation number which was introduced by V.I.Arnold in 1978. Let

f : m a t h b b R / m a t h b b Z o m a t h b b R / m a t h b b Z

be an orientation preserving circle diffeomorphism and let

o m e g a i n m a t h b b C / m a t h b b Z

be a parameter with positive imaginary part. Construct a complex torus by glueing the two boundary components of the annulus

z i n m a t h b b C / m a t h b b Z m i d 0 < I m (z) < I m (o m e g a)

via the map

f + o m e g a

. This complex torus is isomorphic to

m a t h b b C / (m a t h b b Z + a u m a t h b b Z)

for some appropriate

a u i n m a t h b b C / m a t h b b Z

. According to Moldavskis (2001), if the ordinary rotation number

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

is Diophantine and if

o m e g a

tends to

o m e g a_{0}

non tangentially to the real axis, then

a u

tends to

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

. We show that the Diophantine and non tangential assumptions are unnecessary: if

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

is irrational then

a u

tends to

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

as

o m e g a

tends to

o m e g a_{0}

. This, together with results of N.Goncharuk (2012), motivates us to introduce a new fractal set, given by the limit values of

a u

as

o m e g a

tends to the real axis. For the rational values of

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

, these limits do not necessarily coincide with

o p e r a t o r n a m e r o t (f + o m e g a_{0})

and form a countable number of analytic loops in the upper half-plane.

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