On the enumeration and asymptotic growth of free quasigroup words

DOI10.1142/S0218196720500496zbMATH Open1472.20145arXiv1910.09749OpenAlexW3036268464MaRDI QIDQ4970538FDOQ4970538

Authors: J. D. H. Smith, Stefanie G. Wang 

Publication date: 14 October 2020

Published in: International Journal of Algebra and Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The paper counts the number of reduced quasigroup words of a particular length in a certain number of generators. Taking account of the relationship with the Catalan numbers, counting words in a free magma, we introduce the term peri-Catalan number for the free quasigroup word counts. The main result of the paper is an exact recursive formula for the peri-Catalan numbers, structured by the Euclidean Algorithm. The Euclidean Algorithm structure does not readily lend itself to standard techniques of asymptotic analysis. However, conjectures for the asymptotic behavior of the peri-Catalan numbers, substantiated by numerical data, are presented. A remarkable aspect of the observed asymptotic behavior is the so-called asymptotic irrelevance of quasigroup identities, whereby cancelation resulting from quasigroup identities has a negligible effect on the asymptotic behavior of the peri-Catalan numbers for long words in a large number of generators.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09749

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zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numbersgolden sectionquasigroup words

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Loops, quasigroups (20N05)

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Cited In (3)

• Relations between counting functions on free groups and free monoids
• On the shortest identity in finite simple groups of Lie type
• The number of words of a given length in the planar crystallographic groups.

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