A nonlinear Liouville theorem for fractional equations in the Heisenberg group

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2015.07.050MaRDI QIDQ497763zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 September 2015

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.03122

fractional sub-Laplacian Heisenberg group Liouville theorem moving plane method

Liouville theorems and Phragmén-Lindelöf theorems in context of PDEs (35B53) Subelliptic equations (35H20) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)

Abstract: We establish a Liouville-type theorem for a subcritical nonlinear problem, involving a fractional power of the sub-Laplacian in the Heisenberg group. To prove our result we will use the local realization of fractional CR covariant operators, which can be constructed as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator of a degenerate elliptic equation in the spirit of Caffarelli and Silvestre, as established in cite{FGMT}. The main tools in our proof are the CR inversion and the moving plane method, applied to the solution of the lifted problem in the half-space

m a t h b b H^{n} i m e s m a t h b b R^{+}

.

Review text

In the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H^n\), the authors state their main result that if a twice continuously differentiable and strictly positive function \(u\) is a solution of \[ \mathcal{P}_{\gamma}( \cdot)=( \cdot)^p, \] then it is not cylindrical for \(\gamma=\frac{1}{2}\) (Theorem 1.3), such that \(p\in(0,\frac{2n+3}{2n+1})\) and \(\mathcal{P}_{\gamma}\) is a pseudo-differential operator, given in terms of scattering operator, and its principal symbol is well defined. First, the authors recall a known result (Theorem 1.1) that \[ \mathcal{P}_\gamma u=-c_\gamma\lim_{\lambda\to 0}\lambda^{1-2\gamma}\frac{\partial U}{\partial\lambda} \] with \(c_\gamma\) is given explicitly in terms of the gamma function and \(U\) is a solution of: \[ \frac{\partial^2U}{\partial\lambda^2}+\frac{1-2\gamma}{\lambda}\frac{\partial U}{\partial\lambda}+\lambda^2\frac{\partial^2U}{\partial t^2}+\frac{1}{2}\Delta_{\mathbb H^n}U =0 \text{ in }\mathbb H^n\times\mathbb R_+\text{ and } U=u\text{ on }\mathbb H^n\times\partial\mathbb R_+=\mathbb H^n\times\{\lambda=0\}, \] where \(\Delta_{\mathbb H^n}\) stands for the sublaplacian operator in \(\mathbb H^n\). Then, the authors deduce that the proof of the principal result is essentially based on using the following nonlinear boundary value problem result which states that if \(U\) is a positive solution of: \[ \frac{\partial^2U}{\partial\lambda^2}+4\lambda^2\frac{\partial^2U}{\partial t^2}+\Delta_{\mathbb H^n}U=0\text{ in }\mathbb H^n\times\mathbb R_+\text{ and }-\frac{\partial U}{\partial\lambda}=U^p\text{ on }\mathbb H^n\times\partial\mathbb R_+, \] then \(U\) vanishes (Theorem 1.4) and its proof is based on using Hopf's Lemma. Remark: This paper is almost identical with [\textit{E. Cinti}, ``A Liouville theorem for nonlocal equations in the Heisenberg group, in: ``Bruno Pini Mathematical Analysis Seminar 2014. Papers from the seminar, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 2014. Bologna: Università di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum. 127--146 (2014; Zbl 1330.35490)].

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