Some Normal Numbers Generated by Arithmetic Functions

DOI10.4153/CMB-2014-047-2zbMATH Open1318.11096arXiv1309.7386MaRDI QIDQ4981925FDOQ4981925

Paul Pollack, Joseph Vandehey

Publication date: 23 March 2015

Published in: Canadian Mathematical Bulletin (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $ggeq2$. A real number is said to be g-normal if its base g expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let phi denote Euler's totient function, let sigma be the sum-of-divisors function, and let lambda be Carmichael's lambda-function. We show that if f is any function formed by composing phi, sigma, or lambda, then the number [ 0. f(1) f(2) f(3) dots ] obtained by concatenating the base g digits of successive f-values is g-normal. We also prove the same result if the inputs 1, 2, 3, dots are replaced with the primes 2, 3, 5, dots. The proof is an adaptation of a method introduced by Copeland and Erdos in 1946 to prove the 10-normality of 0.235711131719ldots.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.7386

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zbMATH Keywords

normal numberEuler functionsum-of-divisors functionCarmichael lambda-functionChampernowne's number

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radix representation; digital problems (11A63) Normal numbers, radix expansions, Pisot numbers, Salem numbers, good lattice points, etc. (11K16) Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37) Distribution of integers with specified multiplicative constraints (11N25)

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• A fresh look at the notion of normality
• The number of preimages of iterates of \(\phi\) and \(\sigma\)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On Amicable Numbers
• Popular subsets for Euler's \(\varphi \)-function
• Digital problems in the theory of partitions

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