A descriptive Main Gap Theorem

Abstract: Answering one of the main questions of [FHK14, Chapter 7], we show that there is a tight connection between the depth of a classifiable shallow theory

T

and the Borel rank of the isomorphism relation

c o n g^{k} a p p a_{T}

on its models of size

k a p p a

, for

k a p p a

any cardinal satisfying

k a p p a^{< k a p p a} = k a p p a > 2^{a l e p h_{0}}

. This is achieved by establishing a link between said rank and the

m a t h c a l L_{i n f t y k a p p a}

-Scott height of the

k a p p a

-sized models of

T

, and yields to the following descriptive set-theoretical analogue of Shelah's Main Gap Theorem: Given a countable complete first-order theory

T

, either

c o n g^{k} a p p a_{T}

is Borel with a countable Borel rank (i.e. very simple, given that the length of the relevant Borel hierarchy is

k a p p a^{+} > a l e p h_{1}

), or it is not Borel at all. The dividing line between the two situations is the same as in Shelah's theorem, namely that of classifiable shallow theories. We also provide a Borel reducibility version of the above theorem, discuss some limitations to the possible (Borel) complexities of

c o n g^{k} a p p a_{T}

, and provide a characterization of categoricity of

T

in terms of the descriptive set-theoretical complexity of

c o n g^{k} a p p a_{T}

.

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