On the mathematics of swarming: emergent behavior in alignment dynamics

DOI10.1090/NOTI2254zbMATH Open1478.35212arXiv2102.09134OpenAlexW3136285805MaRDI QIDQ5006136FDOQ5006136

Authors: Eitan Tadmor 

Publication date: 12 August 2021

Published in: Notices of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We overview recent developments in the study of alignment hydrodynamics, driven by a general class of symmetric communication kernels. A main question of interest is to characterize the emergent behavior of such systems, which we quantify in terms of the spectral gap of a weighted Laplacian associated with the alignment operator. Our spectral analysis of energy fluctuation covers both long-range and short-range kernels and does not require thermal equilibrium (no closure for the pressure). In particular, in the prototypical case of metric-based short-range kernels, the spectral gap admits a lower-bound expressed in terms of the discrete Fourier coefficients of the radial kernel, which enables us to quantify an emerging flocking behavior for non-vacuous solutions. These large-time behavior results apply as long as the solutions remain smooth. It is known that global smooth solutions exist in one and two spatial dimensions, subject to sub-critical initial data. We settle the question for arbitrary dimension, obtaining non-trivial initial threshold conditions which guarantee existence of multiD global smooth solutions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09134

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zbMATH Keywords

flockingswarmingCucker-Smale (CS) model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) Animal behavior (92D50) PDEs in connection with biology, chemistry and other natural sciences (35Q92) Developmental biology, pattern formation (92C15) Biopropulsion in water and in air (76Z10)

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