Bol loops and Bruck loops of order pq

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2016.11.023zbMATH Open1383.20040arXiv1611.05785OpenAlexW2553246630MaRDI QIDQ502733FDOQ502733

Authors: G. P. Nagy, Petr Vojtěchovský, Michael K. Kinyon 

Publication date: 6 January 2017

Published in: Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Right Bol loops are loops satisfying the identity $((zx)y)x=z((xy)x)$, and right Bruck loops are right Bol loops satisfying the identity $(xy{)}^{-1}=x^{-1}{y}^{-1}$. Let $p$ and $q$ be odd primes such that $p>q$. Advancing the research program of Niederreiter and Robinson from $1981$, we classify right Bol loops of order $pq$. When $q$ does not divide $p^2-1$, the only right Bol loop of order $pq$ is the cyclic group of order $pq$. When $q$ divides $p^2-1$, there are precisely $(p-q+4)/2$ right Bol loops of order $pq$ up to isomorphism, including a unique nonassociative right Bruck loop $B_{p,q}$ of order $pq$. Let $Q$ be a nonassociative right Bol loop of order $pq$. We prove that the right nucleus of $Q$ is trivial, the left nucleus of $Q$ is normal and is equal to the unique subloop of order $p$ in $Q$, and the right multiplication group of $Q$ has order $p^{2}q$ or $p^{3}q$. When $Q=B_{p,q}$, the right multiplication group of $Q$ is isomorphic to the semidirect product of $mathbb{Z}_{p}imesmathbb{Z}_p$ with $mathbb{Z}_q$. Finally, we offer computational results as to the number of right Bol loops of order $pq$ up to isotopy.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.05785

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zbMATH Keywords

nucleusdihedral groupmultiplication groupquadratic field extensionBol loopBol loop of order \(pq\)Bruck loopBruck loop of order \(pq\)eigenvalue of a circulant matrixK-looptwisted subgroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.) (15B33) Sylow subgroups, Sylow properties, (pi)-groups, (pi)-structure (20D20) Loops, quasigroups (20N05)

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• Bol loops and Bruck loops of order \(pq\) up to isotopism
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Uses Software

• GAP
• LOOPS

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